2. बुद्धिर्बलवती सदा - Buddhirbalavati Sada - Class 10 - Shemushi 2

1. Chapter Summary (Paath Saar)

English Summary:

This story is adapted from the famous story collection "Shukasaptati." It narrates the tale of a woman named Buddhimati, who was traveling to her father's house with her two sons through a deep forest. On the way, she encounters a tiger. Instead of panicking, she uses her sharp wit to scare the tiger away by pretending to be a "Tiger-Killer" (Vyaghramari). Later, the tiger returns with a cunning jackal who encourages him to go back. Buddhimati once again uses her intelligence to intimidate the tiger by accusing the jackal of bringing only one tiger instead of the promised three. Terrified, the tiger runs away again.

Moral (Sandesh):

Intelligence is always superior to physical strength. A person with presence of mind can overcome even the most dangerous situations and fears.

2. Sentence-by-Sentence Translation (Anuvad)

3. Shloka Analysis

Shloka 1 (Page 2)

निज-बुद्ध्या विमुक्ता सा भयाद् व्याघ्रस्य भामिनी।

अन्योऽपि बुद्धिमाँल्लोके मुच्यते महतो भयात्॥

• Anvaya: सा भामिनी निज-बुद्ध्या व्याघ्रस्य भयात् विमुक्ता। लोके अन्यः अपि बुद्धिमान् महतः भयात् मुच्यते।

• English Meaning: That beautiful lady was liberated from the fear of the tiger by her own intellect. In this world, other wise people also get liberated from great fear (using their intelligence).

  
  

Shloka 2 (Page 2)

रे रे धूर्त त्वया दत्तं मह्यं व्याघ्रत्रयं पुरा।

विश्वास्य अद्य एकम् आनीय कथं यासि वद अधुना॥

• Anvaya: रे रे धूर्त! त्वया पुरा मह्यं व्याघ्रत्रयं दत्तम्। अद्य विश्वास्य (अपि) एकम् आनीय कथं यासि? अधुना वद।

• English Meaning: Oh, you cunning one! You had given me three tigers earlier. Today, after giving assurance, you have brought only one? Tell me now, how will you go (escape)?

  
  

Shloka 3 (Page 3)

इत्युक्त्वा धाविता तूर्णं व्याघ्रमारी भयङ्करा।

व्याघ्रोऽपि सहसा नष्टः गलबद्धशृगालकः॥

• Anvaya: इति उक्त्वा भयङ्करा व्याघ्रमारी तूर्णं धाविता। गलबद्धशृगालकः व्याघ्रः अपि सहसा नष्टः।

• English Meaning: Saying this, the terrifying "Tiger-Killer" ran quickly (towards them). The tiger, with the jackal tied to his neck, also suddenly ran away.

  
  

4. Word Meanings (Kathin Shabdarth)

1. भार्या (Bharya) = Wife

2. कानने (Kanane) = In the forest

3. ददर्श (Dadarsha) = Saw

4. धाष्ट्र्यात् (Dharshryat) = Due to audacity/boldness

5. जगाद (Jagada) = Said

6. अत्तुम् (Attum) = To eat

7. वेला (Vela) = Condition/Time

8. जम्बुकः (Jambukah) = Jackal

9. प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः (Pratyutpannamatih) = One with ready wit / Presence of mind

10. आक्षिपन्ती (Aakshipanti) = Scolding/Accusing

    
    

5. Competency-Based Assessment

A. Question Construction (Prashna Nirman)

B. Bhashik Karyam (Linguistic Work)

1. Question: In the sentence "सा एकं व्याघ्रं ददर्श", what is the Kriya Padam (Verb)?

   • Answer: ददर्श (Dadarsha)

   • Explanation: 'Dadarsha' means 'saw', which is the action performed by the subject 'Sa'.

     
     

2. Question: In "भयाकुलं व्याघ्रं दृष्ट्वा", select the Visheshan (Adjective).

   • Answer: भयाकुलं (Bhayakulam)

   • Explanation: 'Bhayakulam' (terrified) describes the noun 'Vyaghram' (tiger).

     
     

3. Question: Write a synonym for "पत्नी" (Wife) from the passage.

   • Answer: भार्या (Bharya)

   • Explanation: The text uses 'Bharya' to refer to Rajsimha's wife.

     
     

4. Question: Write the antonym for "अद्य" (Today) from the text.

   • Answer: पुरा (Pura)

   • Explanation: 'Pura' means ancient times/earlier, contrasting with 'Adya' (today) in the shloka.

     
     

6. Subjective Q&A (Pathit Avabodhanam)

A. Ekpaden Uttarat (One Word Answers)

• Q: बुद्धिमती कुत्र व्याघ्रं ददर्श? (Where did Buddhimati see the tiger?)

  • Ans: गहनकानने (In the deep forest)

    
    

• Q: भामिनी कया विमुक्ता? (By what was the lady liberated?)

  • Ans: निजबुद्ध्या (By her own intellect)

    
    

• Q: सर्वदा सर्वकार्येषु का बलवती? (Who is always strong in all works?)

  • Ans: बुद्धिः (Intelligence)

    
    

• Q: व्याघ्रः कस्मात् बिभेति? (From whom is the tiger afraid?)

  • Ans: मानुषात् (From the human)

    
    

B. Purnavakyen Uttarat (Full Sentence Answers)

• Q: बुद्धिमती केन उपेता पितुर्गृहं प्रति चलिता? (Accompanied by whom did Buddhimati start for her father's house?)

  • Ans: बुद्धिमती पुत्रद्वयोपेता पितुर्गृहं प्रति चलिता। (Buddhimati started for her father's house accompanied by her two sons.)

    
    

• Q: व्याघ्रः किं विचार्य पलायितः? (Thinking what did the tiger run away?)

  • Ans: "इयं व्याघ्रमारी" इति विचार्य व्याघ्रः पलायितः। (Thinking "This is a Tiger-Killer," the tiger ran away.)

    
    

• Q: लोके महतो भयात् कः मुच्यते? (Who gets liberated from great fear in the world?)

  • Ans: लोके महतो भयात् बुद्धिमान् मुच्यते। (The wise person gets liberated from great fear in the world.)

    
    

• Q: बुद्धिमती शृगालं किम् उक्तवती? (What did Buddhimati say to the Jackal?)

  • Ans: बुद्धिमती शृगालम् उक्तवती - "रे रे धूर्त! त्वया मह्यं पुरा व्याघ्रत्रयं दत्तम्, विश्वास्य अद्य एकम् आनीय कथं यासि?" (Buddhimati said to the jackal - "Oh cunning one! You gave me three tigers earlier, trusting you, why do you bring only one today and go?")

    
    

7. Integrated Grammar (Vyakaran - Class 10 Focus)

A. Sandhi (Joining/Splitting)

1. पितुर्गृहम् = पितुः + गृहम् (Visarga Sandhi - Rtvam)

   • Explanation: Visarga turns into 'r' because it is preceded by 'u' and followed by a soft consonant 'g'.

2. कोऽपि (Not in text, but Anyo'pi is) -> अन्योऽपि = अन्यः + अपि (Visarga Sandhi - Utvam)

   • Explanation: Visarga turns to 'o' and 'a' becomes Avagraha (S) because Visarga is between 'a' and 'a'.

3. तदग्रतः = तत् + अग्रतः (Jashatva Sandhi)

   • Explanation: 't' becomes 'd' (3rd letter) because it is followed by a vowel.

     
     

B. Samas (Compounds)

1. गलबद्धशृगालकः = गले बद्धः शृगालः यस्य सः (Bahuvrihi Samas)

   • Meaning: One who has a jackal tied to his neck (The Tiger).

2. व्याघ्रमारी = व्याघ्रं मारयति इति (Upapada Tatpurusha)

   • Meaning: Tiger-killer.

3. पुत्रद्वयोपेता = पुत्रद्वयेन उपेता (Tritiya Tatpurusha)

   • Meaning: Accompanied by two sons.

     
     

C. Pratyaya (Suffixes)

1. बुद्धिमती = बुद्धि + मतुप् (Matup) + ङीप् (Ngip - Feminine)

   • Rule: Shows possession ("One who has intelligence").

2. बलवती = बल + मतुप् (Matup) + ङीप् (Ngip)

   • Rule: Shows possession ("One who has strength").

3. भयङ्करा = भयङ्कर + टाप् (Tap)

   • Rule: Creates feminine form from masculine ending in 'a'.

     
     

8. Event Sequencing (Ghatnakram)

Jumbled Sentences:

1. व्याघ्रः व्याघ्रमारी इयमिति मत्वा पलायितः।

2. प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः सा शृगालम् आक्षिपन्ती उवाच।

3. जम्बुककृतोत्साहः व्याघ्रः पुनः काननम् आगच्छत्।

4. मार्गे सा एकं व्याघ्रम् अपश्यत्।

5. व्याघ्रं दृष्ट्वा सा पुत्रौ ताडयन्ती उवाच - अधुना एकमेव व्याघ्रं विभज्य भुज्यताम्।

6. बुद्धिमती पुत्रद्वयेन उपेता पितुर्गृहं प्रति चलिता।

   
   

Correct Order:

1. बुद्धिमती पुत्रद्वयेन उपेता पितुर्गृहं प्रति चलिता। (Buddhimati set out...)

2. मार्गे सा एकं व्याघ्रम् अपश्यत्। (She saw a tiger...)

3. व्याघ्रं दृष्ट्वा सा पुत्रौ ताडयन्ती उवाच - अधुना एकमेव व्याघ्रं विभज्य भुज्यताम्। (She scolded her sons...)

4. व्याघ्रः व्याघ्रमारी इयमिति मत्वा पलायितः। (Tiger ran away...)

5. जम्बुककृतोत्साहः व्याघ्रः पुनः काननम् आगच्छत्। (Tiger returned with Jackal...)

6. प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः सा शृगालम् आक्षिपन्ती उवाच। (She scolded the Jackal...)

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