1. वन्दे भारतमातरम् - Vande Bharat Mataram - Deepakam - CBSE - Std 7
SECTION 1 : पाठपरिचयः | Lesson Overview
पाठ-संख्या: प्रथमः पाठः
पाठ-नाम: वन्दे भारतमातरम्
पुस्तकम्: दीपकम्
कक्षा: VII
विषयः: संस्कृतम्
पाठ-प्रकारः: संवादः विवरणं च (Dialogue and Descriptive Narrative)
मुख्यविषयः: भारतमातुः भौगोलिकं सांस्कृतिकं च स्वरूपम्, राष्ट्रध्वजस्य महत्त्वम् च
मुख्यभाषालक्ष्यम्: कर्तृ-कर्म-क्रियापदानां सम्बन्धः, विविधविभक्तीनां लट्-लकारस्य च प्रयोगः
एकवाक्येन पाठः अस्मिन् पाठे एका माता स्वशिशून् 'वन्दे मातरम्' इति राष्ट्रगीतस्य पृष्ठभूम्या सह भारतमातुः भौगोलिकविशालतायाः तथा च त्रिवर्णध्वजस्य गम्भीरसन्देशस्य परिचयम् कारयति।
SECTION 2 : किं शिक्षिष्यामः? | What Will You Learn?
Understand the historical background of the national song 'Vande Mataram' and the majestic geographical representation of Bharat Mata.
Explain the symbolic meanings of the colours of the Indian National Flag and the Ashok Chakra.
Recognise and apply different vibhakti forms (such as dvitīyā, tṛtīyā, ṣaṣṭhī, and saptamī) used with nouns and adjectives.
Frame meaningful sentences using correct subject-verb agreement in the present tense (laṭ-lakāra).
SECTION 3 मुख्यशब्दाः | Important Vocabulary
वन्दे – I salute or greet – first-person singular present verb (वन्द् धातु).
जिज्ञासा – curiosity or desire to know – feminine noun.
वत्सला – loving or affectionate – feminine adjective describing Bharat Mata.
प्रक्षालयति – washes – third-person singular present verb.
मुकुटरूपेण – in the form of a crown – instrumental singular compound form.
तीर्थक्षेत्राणि – sacred pilgrimage places – neuter plural noun.
सस्यश्यामला – lush and dark green with abundant crops – feminine descriptive adjective.
स्वेदबिन्दुभिः – by drops of sweat – instrumental plural noun.
धवलम् – bright white or pure – neuter adjective.
अराः – spokes of a wheel – masculine plural noun.
कर्तव्यपथे – on the path of duty – locative singular form.
सहमाना – enduring or bearing – feminine present participle (शानच् प्रत्यय).
SECTION 4 संवादस्य सारः | Overview of the Dialogue
The lesson opens as children express their curiosity to their mother about the song 'Vande Mataram', which they frequently hear at school and across broadcasts. Their mother explains that Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay composed this song in a blend of Sanskrit and Bangla within his 1882 novel Anandamath, embodying reverence for the motherland. The discussion then expands into a rich celebration of Bharat Mata's sacred physical landscape, crowned by the Himalayas and nurtured by sacred rivers and historic pilgrim towns. Turning to the National Flag, the mother details how the saffron band commemorates heroic sacrifices, the green reflects the tireless toil of farmers, the white honours the pure achievements of Indian scientists, and the navy-blue Ashok Chakra reminds all citizens to advance relentlessly on the path of selfless duty.
SECTION 5 :पाठं अवगच्छामः | Understand the Lesson
गीतस्य उद्भवः अर्थः च | Origin and Meaning of the Song The conversation begins with the query regarding the national song 'Vande Mataram'. The mother explains that it was written in 1882 by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in his renowned novel Anandamath. Linguistically set in both Sanskrit and Bangla, the phrase 'वन्दे मातरम्' means 'I revere my Mother'. During India's freedom struggle, this phrase served as an inspiring mantra for patriots across the land.
भारतमातुः भव्यं रूपम् | The Majestic Landscape of India The mother portrays India as a benevolent mother whose crown is the mighty Himalaya and whose feet are perpetually washed by the ocean (रत्नाकरः). Her land is adorned by magnificent mountain ranges such as Sahyadri, Vindhya, and Aravalli, and nourished by life-giving rivers including the Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, and Kaveri. Historic cultural and pilgrimage centres like Ayodhya, Kashi, and Prayag reflect this sacred heritage.
त्रिवर्णध्वजस्य वर्णाः | The Symbolism of the Tricolour India's tricolour flag embodies the character of the nation. The top saffron band (केशरवर्णः) honours the bravery and self-sacrifice of heroes and soldiers who laid down their lives for independence, inspiring the cry 'जयतु सैनिकः'. The green band at the base reflects prosperity brought by the hardworking farmers who irrigate the soil with their sweat, inspiring 'जयतु कृषकः'. The central white band signifies peace, truth, and the shining achievements of Indian scientists across space, medicine, and technology, inspiring 'जयतु वैज्ञानिकः'.
धर्मचक्रस्य सन्देशः | The Call of the Dharma Chakra At the centre of the white stripe rests the navy-blue Ashok Chakra with its twenty-four spokes (चतुर्विंशतिः अराः). It symbolises unceasing movement on the path of righteousness and duty. Just as the sun travels without rest and the river keeps flowing past obstacles toward its goal, the chakra inspires every citizen to conquer lethargy (आलस्यम्) and negligence (प्रमादः) to serve the nation.
SECTION 7 :भाषापद्धतिः | How the Sanskrit Works
प्रथमा-द्वितीया-विभक्त्योः प्रयोगः | Subject and Direct Object Relation
रूपम् | Form: The doer (कर्त्ता) takes the प्रथमा विभक्तिः, and the direct object (कर्म) takes the द्वितीया विभक्तिः.
अर्थः एवं प्रयोगः | Meaning and Use: Case endings clarify syntactic roles regardless of word order.
उदाहरणानि | Examples:
समुद्रः चरणौ प्रक्षालयति। (The ocean washes both feet.)
वयं भारतमातरं वन्दामहे। (We salute Mother India.)
स्मरणीयम् | Remember: The doer of an independent action takes प्रथमा, while the direct object takes द्वितीया.
षष्ठीविभक्तिः | Expressing Relationship and Possession
रूपम् | Form: Nouns add genitive suffixes (भारतमाता → भारतमातुः; देशः → देशस्य).
अर्थः एवं प्रयोगः | Meaning and Use: Expresses connection, association, or possession between two nouns.
उदाहरणानि | Examples:
ध्वजस्य मध्ये चक्रं शोभते। (The wheel shines in the middle of the flag.)
केशरवर्णः त्यागस्य सूचकः अस्ति। (The saffron colour indicates sacrifice.)
स्मरणीयम् | Remember: Use the षष्ठी विभक्तिः to connect related nouns.
लट्-लकारः | Present Tense Verb Agreement
रूपम् | Form: Finite verb suffixes match the subject's person and number (सः पठति; वयं शृणुमः).
अर्थः एवं प्रयोगः | Meaning and Use: Expresses present actions, habits, or universal truths.
उदाहरणानि | Examples:
वयं राष्ट्रगीतं शृणुमः। (We listen to the national song.)
नद्यः प्रवहन्ति। (The rivers flow.)
स्मरणीयम् | Remember: Always match the person and number of the verb to its subject.
SECTION 8:शब्दसम्बन्धाः | How Words Work Together
उदाहरणम् १ कृषकबान्धवाः स्वेदबिन्दुभिः भूमिं सिञ्चन्ति। The farmer brothers irrigate the soil with drops of sweat.
कृषकबान्धवाः is the subject (कर्त्ता) in the nominative plural (प्रथमा विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्).
भूमिम् is the direct object (कर्म) receiving the action, placed in the accusative singular (द्वितीया विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्).
स्वेदबिन्दुभिः identifies the instrument or means by which the act of irrigating is accomplished; hence it takes the instrumental plural (तृतीया विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्).
सिञ्चन्ति is the present plural verb directly agreeing with the plural subject कृषकबान्धवाः.
उदाहरणम् २ वैज्ञानिकानां धवलं यशः राष्ट्रध्वजस्य मध्ये विलसति। The bright glory of the scientists shines in the middle of the national flag.
यशः is the subject that shines, placed in the nominative singular (प्रथमा विभक्तिः).
धवलम् is the qualifying adjective (विशेषणम्) agreeing with यशः in gender, case, and number.
वैज्ञानिकानाम् and राष्ट्रध्वजस्य are possessive nouns in the genitive case (षष्ठी विभक्तिः), indicating whose glory and the flag's middle point respectively.
मध्ये is the locative singular (सप्तमी विभक्तिः), marking the location (अधिकरणम्) where the action takes place.
SECTION 10 :वाक्यप्रयोगः | Use the Sanskrit
पद्धतिः १: कर्तृ-क्रिया-सम्बन्धः (Subject-Verb Pattern)
Pattern: [Subject in प्रथमा] + [Direct Object in द्वितीया] + [Verb in लट्-लकार]
Example: वयं भारतमातरं वन्दामः। (We salute Mother India.)
Variation: छात्राः राष्ट्रध्वजं नमन्ति। (The students bow to the national flag.)
Explanation: The subject dictates whether the verb takes a singular, dual, or plural ending.
पद्धतिः २: तृतीयाविभक्तिप्रयोगः (Expressing Means or Instrument)
Pattern: [Subject] + [Instrument in तृतीया] + [Action]
Example: कृषकाः परिश्रमेण भूमिं सिञ्चन्ति। (Farmers irrigate the land through hard work.)
Variation: सैनिकाः शौर्येण देशं रक्षन्ति। (Soldiers protect the country with courage.)
Explanation: The instrumental case denotes the means or tool used to carry out the verb.
पद्धतिः ३: प्रेरणार्थकवाक्यम् (Inspirational Infinitive Construction)
Pattern: [Subject/Sign] + [तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्तपदम्] + अस्मान् प्रेरयति
Example: केशरवर्णः 'जयतु सैनिकः' इति वक्तुम् अस्मान् प्रेरयति। (The saffron colour inspires us to say 'Hail the soldier'.)
Variation: हरितवर्णः 'जयतु कृषकः' इति वक्तुम् अस्मान् प्रेरयति। (The green colour inspires us to say 'Hail the farmer'.)
Explanation: Combining a form ending in तुमुन् (like वक्तुम्) with प्रेरयति expresses motivation toward an action.
SECTION 11मुख्यविचाराः | Important Ideas
Geographical Sacredness: The text views the nation as a living mother whose body and adornments are formed by towering mountains, fertile plains, and sacred rivers.
Dignity of Labour and Service: The tricolour honours the soldier's courage, the farmer's toil, and the scientist's intellect as equal pillars of the nation.
Continuous Unselfish Action: Through the symbols of the sun, perennial rivers, and the Ashok Chakra, the lesson highlights constant effort and vigilance over inertia.
SECTION 12 : स्वावबोधनं परीक्षस्व | Check Your Understanding
प्रश्नः १ कः पर्वतराजः भारतमातुः मस्तके मुकुटरूपेण शोभते?
उत्तरम्: हिमालयः।
प्रश्नः २ ध्वजस्य मध्ये स्थितं धर्मचक्रं किं सन्देशं प्रयच्छति?
उत्तरम्: इदं चक्रं 'जीवने श्रान्तेः, आलस्यस्य प्रमादस्य च स्थानं न भवतु, सततं कर्तव्यपथे चल' इति सन्देशं प्रयच्छति।
प्रश्नः ३ कोष्ठकगतस्य शब्दस्य तृतीयाविभक्तेः उचितरूपेण रिक्तस्थानं पूरयन्तु – कृषकाः स्व-_________ (परिश्रम) भारतभूमिं समृद्धां कुर्वन्ति।
उत्तरम्: परिश्रमेण। विवरणम्: The masculine noun परिश्रम takes the instrumental ending -एण to denote the instrument of enrichment.
प्रश्नः ४ अस्माकं राष्ट्रध्वजे श्वेतवर्णः कस्य द्योतकः अस्ति? वैज्ञानिकानां यशसा सह अस्य कः सम्बन्धः? उत्तरम्: राष्ट्रध्वजे श्वेतवर्णः शान्तेः सत्यस्य च द्योतकः अस्ति। वैज्ञानिकानां विज्ञानेन सम्पादितं निष्कलङ्कं पवित्रं च यशः ध्वजमध्ये धवलवर्णरूपेण विलसति।
SECTION 13 :स्मरणीयानि पञ्च | Five Things to Remember
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay composed 'Vande Mataram' in 1882 in his novel Anandamath using Sanskrit and Bangla.
Geographically, the Himalayas crown Bharat Mata, the ocean washes her feet, and sacred rivers sustain the land.
The flag honours the soldier through saffron (त्यागः शौर्यं च), the farmer through green (समृद्धिः), and the scientist through white (शान्तिः सत्यं च).
The Ashok Chakra contains twenty-four spokes (चतुर्विंशतिः अराः) representing unceasing progress on the path of duty.
Finite verbs in the present tense (लट्-लकार) must agree with their subject in person and number.
अतिरिक्ताध्ययनम् | Additional Learning
प्राचीन-भौगोलिक-नामानि | Ancient and Modern Names of Bharat
The chapter provides a comparative chart identifying historic pilgrim centres, sacred rivers, and mountains alongside their modern counterparts across India. For instance, the ancient river Paruṣṇī is the modern Ravi, Śutudri is the Sutlej, and Vitastā is the Jhelum. Historic cities like Avantikā correspond to Ujjain and Indraprastham to Delhi, reflecting continuous cultural identity.
Many ancient rivers in classic literature remain in daily use under modern vernacular names like Chambal (चर्मण्वती) and Son (शोणा).
Ancient pilgrimage centres—such as Gomantakam (Goa), Pandurangapuram (Pandharpur), and Rajatapithapuram (Udupi)—underline the cultural and spiritual unity of India.