4.4. The Tempest - My English Coursebook - Std 9 - Marathi and Semi-English Medium - Maharashtra Board

Section 1: Chapter Information / पाठ परिचय

मराठी टीप: हा पाठ MSBSHSE मार्गदर्शक तत्त्वांनुसार शालेय परीक्षेत येतो. विल्यम शेक्सपिअरच्या प्रसिद्ध नाटकावर आधारित ही एक रंजक आणि प्रेरणादायी कथा आहे.

Section 2: About the Author / लेखक परिचय

William Shakespeare was one of the greatest playwrights of all time, living in the 16th century. He is renowned globally for his profound understanding of human nature, dramatic genius, and poetic language. Many of his famous plays, including comedies and tragedies, have been adapted into short-story form to make them accessible to younger readers. "The Tempest" is one of his final masterpieces, blending magic, romance, and a powerful message of forgiveness.  

मराठी टीप: विल्यम शेक्सपिअर हे १६ व्या शतकातील जगातील सर्वात महान नाटककार मानले जातात. परीक्षेत या कथेच्या मूळ लेखकाचा संदर्भ आल्यास त्यांचे नाव आणि त्यांची महानता (greatest playwright) नक्की नमूद करा.  

Section 3: Summary / सारांश

Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan, is betrayed by his treacherous brother Antonio, who conspires with King Alonso of Naples to usurp the throne. Prospero and his baby daughter Miranda are abandoned at sea but survive and land on an enchanted island with the secret help of the loyal Lord Gonzalo. On the island, Prospero uses his magical powers to free good spirits, including Ariel, and commands the vicious monster Caliban.  

Years later, when a ship carrying his enemies sails near the island, Prospero raises a great tempest to bring them ashore. He uses Ariel to separate the crew, test Prince Ferdinand's love for Miranda, and make his enemies realize their past wickedness. Ultimately, when his enemies are completely at his mercy and repentant, Prospero chooses forgiveness over revenge. He frees Ariel, gives up his magic, and prepares to return to Milan as Ferdinand and Miranda plan to marry.  

मराठी सारांश: मिलानचा राजा प्रोस्पेरो याला त्याच्या भावाने (अँटोनियो) धोका देऊन लहान मुलीसह (मिरांडा) समुद्रात सोडून दिले. एका जादुई बेटावर पोहोचल्यावर प्रोस्पेरो आपल्या जादूने चांगल्या आत्म्यांना (एरियल) मुक्त करतो. अनेक वर्षांनंतर तो समुद्रात वादळ (Tempest) निर्माण करून आपल्या शत्रूंना बेटावर अडकवतो. तो प्रिन्स फर्डिनांड आणि मिरांडा यांच्या प्रेमाची परीक्षा घेतो आणि शत्रूंना त्यांच्या चुकीची जाणीव करून देतो. शेवटी तो सर्वांना क्षमा करतो, आपली जादू सोडून देतो आणि परत मिलानला जातो.  

Section 4: Characters / पात्रे

1. Prospero

Prospero is the studious and rightful Duke of Milan who possesses great magical powers. He is wise, protective of his daughter Miranda, and deeply hurt by his brother's betrayal. Though he has the power to destroy his enemies, his most defining trait is his nobility; he ultimately chooses to forgive them rather than seek revenge.

मराठी टीप: प्रोस्पेरोचे वर्णन करताना 'studious' (अभ्यासू), 'magical' (जादूगार), आणि 'forgiving' (क्षमाशील) हे शब्द वापरा. त्याने सूड न घेता शत्रूंना क्षमा केली, हा त्याच्या स्वभावाचा मुख्य पैलू आहे.  

2. Antonio

Antonio is Prospero's treacherous and ambitious brother. He is disloyal and dangerous, usurping the Dukedom of Milan and leaving his brother and niece to die at sea. Even on the island, his wicked nature persists as he plots to murder King Alonso.

मराठी टीप: अँटोनियो हा अत्यंत धोकेबाज (treacherous) आणि दुष्ट (wicked) भाऊ होता. सत्तेच्या लालसेपोटी त्याने भावाला आणि राजालाही मारण्याचा कट रचला.  

3. Ariel

Ariel is the chief of the good spirits on the enchanted island. Freed from a tree trunk by Prospero, he is joyful, obedient, and completely loyal to his master. Ariel executes all of Prospero's magical plans flawlessly, from raising the tempest to saving King Alonso's life. मराठी टीप: एरियल हा प्रोस्पेरोचा अत्यंत प्रामाणिक (loyal) आणि आज्ञाधारक (obedient) सेवक आत्मा होता. प्रोस्पेरोच्या सर्व योजना त्यानेच पूर्ण केल्या.  

4. Miranda

Miranda is Prospero's sweet, beautiful, and kind-hearted daughter. Having grown up on the isolated island, she is innocent and pure. She feels immense pity for the shipwrecked sailors and falls deeply in love with Prince Ferdinand at first sight.

मराठी टीप: मिरांडा ही अत्यंत दयाळू (kind-hearted) आणि निरागस मुलगी आहे. वादळात सापडलेल्या लोकांविषयी तिला खूप काळजी वाटते.  

Section 5: Central Theme and Values / केंद्रीय भाव आणि मूल्ये

5A. Theme Table / विषय सारणी

5B. Values / मूल्ये

• Forgiveness (क्षमाशीलता): Prospero proves that true strength lies in forgiving those who have wronged you, rather than punishing them.  

• Loyalty (निष्ठा): Lord Gonzalo's act of secretly providing books and food to Prospero highlights the value of true loyalty during dark times.  

• Repentance (पश्चात्ताप): King Alonso realizes his grave mistakes and feels true sorrow, showing that recognizing one's faults is the first step to redemption.  

5C. Central Message / केंद्रीय संदेश

The play powerfully conveys that no matter how cruelly one has been wronged, demonstrating mercy and forgiveness toward repentant enemies is a far nobler act than taking revenge. मराठी टीप: कितीही मोठा अन्याय झाला असला, तरी पश्चात्ताप झालेल्या शत्रूंना क्षमा करणे हे सूड घेण्यापेक्षा अधिक महान आहे, हा या कथेचा मुख्य संदेश आहे.  

Section 6: Vocabulary in Context / शब्दसंग्रह

Section 7: Extract-Based Questions / उताऱ्यावर आधारित प्रश्न

Extract 1

Q.(A)(i) State True or False: (2 Marks)

1. Antonio was a kind and loving brother to Prospero. — False

     

2. The people of Milan loved their Duke, Prospero. — True

     

3. King Alonso of Naples was a close friend of Prospero. — False

     

4. Gonzalo secretly placed food, clothes, and books in the boat. — True

     

मराठी टीप: उताऱ्यातील माहिती काळजीपूर्वक वाचा. अँटोनियो धोकेबाज (treacherous) होता आणि अलोन्सो हा प्रोस्पेरोचा शत्रू (enemy) होता.  

Q.(A)(ii) Choose the correct alternative: (2 Marks)

1. Antonio did not kill Prospero directly because ________.  

   (a) he loved his brother

   (b) the people loved the Duke and would not forgive a murderer  

   (c) he did not have a sword

   (d) Prospero used magic to escape

   Answer: (b)

2. Gonzalo is described as a ________ Lord.  

   (a) treacherous and wicked

   (b) cruel and vicious

   (c) true and loyal  

   (d) weak and old

   Answer: (c)

Q.(B)(i) Answer in 2-3 sentences: (2 Marks)

How did Antonio manage to take over the Dukedom of Milan?

Answer: Antonio, a treacherous man, allied with Prospero's enemy, King Alonso. Together, they took Prospero and his baby daughter out to sea and cruelly left them to drift in a broken, old boat, allowing Antonio to seize all the wealth and power of Milan. मराठी टीप: अँटोनियोने सत्तेसाठी काय केले? त्याने अलोन्सोशी हातमिळवणी केली आणि प्रोस्पेरोला जुन्या बोटीत समुद्रात सोडून दिले, हे इंग्रजीत अचूक मांडा.  

Q.(B)(ii) Answer in 3-4 sentences: (2 Marks)

Why do you think Gonzalo packed Prospero's books in the boat? (Personal Response)

Answer: Gonzalo knew that Prospero was a deeply studious and learned scholar who loved his books more than anything else. By secretly packing the books, Gonzalo showed immense compassion and loyalty. He understood that these books would provide Prospero with mental strength, comfort, and perhaps the magical knowledge needed to survive his terrifying exile at sea. मराठी टीप: गोन्झालोने पुस्तके का ठेवली असतील? प्रोस्पेरोला अभ्यासाची आवड होती आणि कठीण काळात ही पुस्तके त्याला मानसिक आधार देतील म्हणून. (स्वमत)  

Extract 2

Q.(A)(i) State True or False: (2 Marks)  

1. Miranda enjoyed watching the ship struggle in the storm. — False  

2. Prospero had raised the dreadful tempest using his magical art. — True

3. Prospero intended to drown everyone on the ship. — False

4. Miranda was confused about why her father caused the storm for her sake. — True

मराठी टीप: प्रोस्पेरोचा हेतू कोणालाही मारण्याचा नव्हता (no person will be hurt). त्यामुळे तिसरे विधान चुकीचे आहे.  

Q.(A)(ii) Choose the correct alternative: (2 Marks)

1. The word 'quell' in the extract means to ________.  

   (a) increase

   (b) start

   (c) end or stop  

   (d) watch

   Answer: (c)

2. Miranda is described in the extract as a ________ girl.  

   (a) kind-hearted  

   (b) treacherous

   (c) vicious

   (d) greedy

   Answer: (a)

Q.(B)(i) Answer in 2-3 sentences: (2 Marks)

What did Miranda beg her father to do when she saw the ship?

Answer: Seeing the ship struggling on the wild waves, the kind-hearted Miranda felt great pity. She urgently begged her father to use his magical art to quell the dreadful storm and save the poor souls trapped on board.

मराठी टीप: मिरांडाने वडिलांना काय विनंती केली? तिने वादळ (storm) थांबवण्याची आणि बोटीवरील लोकांना वाचवण्याची (save poor souls) विनंती केली.  

Q.(B)(ii) Answer in 3-4 sentences: (2 Marks)

If you were in Prospero's place, would you use your power to harm your enemies? Why or why not? (Personal Response)

Answer: If I were in Prospero's place, I would not use my power to harm my enemies. While it is natural to feel anger towards those who betrayed us, seeking revenge only creates more pain and suffering. Like Prospero, I would prefer to make them realize their mistakes and then forgive them, because forgiveness shows true strength of character and brings lasting peace.

मराठी टीप: शत्रूंना शिक्षा कराल का? नाही, कारण सूड घेतल्याने प्रश्न सुटत नाहीत. क्षमा करणे (forgiveness) हे खऱ्या ताकदीचे लक्षण आहे. (स्वमत)

Section 8: Short Answer Questions / लघु उत्तरे

(2-3 marks · 3-5 sentences)

Q1. What good deed did Prospero do when he arrived on the enchanted island?

Answer: Before Prospero arrived, the enchanted island was under the spell of an evil witch, Sycorax, who had imprisoned all the good spirits inside large tree trunks. Prospero used the power of his magical art to set these good spirits free, including their chief, Ariel. In return, the extremely grateful spirits promised to be ever obedient to his will.  

मराठी टीप: प्रोस्पेरोने बेटावर कोणते चांगले काम केले? त्याने दुष्ट चेटकिणीने (Sycorax) झाडांच्या खोडात कैद केलेल्या चांगल्या आत्म्यांना (good spirits) आपल्या जादूने मुक्त केले.  

Q2. How did Ariel save King Alonso's life in the nick of time?

Answer: While King Alonso was sleeping in another part of the island, the treacherous Antonio and Sebastian plotted to murder him so Sebastian could become king. The two wicked men drew their weapons and were just about to kill the sleeping king. However, Ariel woke King Alonso up at the exact moment, foiling their plot and saving his life in the nick of time.  

मराठी टीप: अँटोनियो आणि सेबॅस्टियन राजाला झोपेत मारणार होते. पण ऐन वेळी (in the nick of time) एरियलने राजाला जागे केले आणि त्याचे प्राण वाचवले.  

Q3. Why did Prospero pretend to be angry with Prince Ferdinand?

Answer: When Ferdinand and Miranda met, they instantly fell in love. Though Prospero was secretly pleased, he pretended to be angry and accused the prince of being a spy. He forced Ferdinand to carry heavy logs because he wanted to create a trial to test the young prince's true love and devotion for his daughter.  

मराठी टीप: प्रोस्पेरोने रागावल्याचे नाटक का केले? कारण त्याला फर्डिनांड आणि मिरांडाच्या प्रेमाची परीक्षा (trial of love) घ्यायची होती.  

Q4. What surprise awaited King Alonso when Prospero drew back the curtain?

Answer: King Alonso was deeply repentant and grieving because he firmly believed his son, Prince Ferdinand, had drowned in the shipwreck. To ease his pain, Prospero drew back a curtain from the entrance of his cave. Inside, Alonso was thrilled and completely surprised to see Ferdinand alive, happily playing a game of chess with Miranda.  

मराठी टीप: राजाला वाटत होते की आपला मुलगा बुडाला आहे. पण पडदा उघडल्यावर त्याला फर्डिनांड जिवंत दिसला आणि तो मिरांडासोबत बुद्धिबळ खेळत होता (playing chess), हा राजासाठी सुखद धक्का होता.  

Section 9: Long Answer Questions / दीर्घ उत्तरे

(4-5 marks · 8-10 sentences)

Q1. Describe the character of Prospero, highlighting how he transitions from suffering betrayal to showing ultimate forgiveness.

Answer: Prospero is the central character of "The Tempest," introduced as a highly studious and learned scholar who was the rightful Duke of Milan. His tragic journey begins when his treacherous brother, Antonio, usurps his throne and cruelly casts him and his baby daughter adrift in a broken boat. Despite this massive betrayal, Prospero survives using his intellect, the books secretly provided by Gonzalo, and his mastery over magic on the enchanted island.  

For years, Prospero rules the island wisely, freeing good spirits like Ariel and taming the vicious Caliban. When destiny brings his enemies near his shores, he orchestrates a massive storm to bring them under his control. However, Prospero's greatness shines not in his magical power, but in his humanity. He subjects his enemies to trials, making them wander in fear until they feel genuine remorse for their past wickedness.  

Once King Alonso and the courtiers are truly repentant, Prospero reveals his true nobility. Even though his betrayers are completely at his mercy, he chooses to forgive them completely. He resolves to break his magic stick and return to Milan, proving that true power lies in a compassionate and forgiving heart.  

मराठी टीप (दीर्घ उत्तर कसे रचावे):

1. सुरुवात: प्रोस्पेरो हा एक अभ्यासू (studious) राजा होता ज्याला त्याच्या भावाने धोका दिला.  

2. मुख्य मुद्दे:

   • जादुई बेटावर त्याने चांगल्या आत्म्यांना मुक्त केले आणि जादूने सत्ता मिळवली.  

   • शत्रू बेटाजवळ आल्यावर त्याने वादळ निर्माण केले आणि त्यांची परीक्षा घेतली.  

   • शत्रूंना त्यांच्या चुकीचा पश्चात्ताप (repentance) झाल्यावर त्याने सूड घेतला नाही.  

3. शेवट: आपली जादू सोडून देऊन आणि शत्रूंना क्षमा करून (forgiveness), त्याने आपली महानता सिद्ध केली.  

Q2. Write a detailed account of the various tricks and tasks Ariel performed for Prospero on the island.

Answer: Ariel was the chief of the good spirits on the enchanted island, and his deep loyalty to Prospero is a driving force in the story. Grateful to Prospero for freeing him from the evil witch Sycorax's tree-prison, Ariel promised to be ever obedient. His first major task in the narrative is executing Prospero's command to raise the dreadful tempest, successfully bringing the royal ship to the island without harming a single person on board.  

Ariel's magical abilities are heavily utilized to manage the shipwrecked survivors. He assumes an invisible form and sings a divine, enchanting song to guide Prince Ferdinand directly to Miranda. Later, he plays a crucial role in saving King Alonso's life by waking him up in the nick of time, just as Antonio and Sebastian are about to murder him.  

Furthermore, Ariel torments Prospero's enemies by filling their ears with frightful noises and making them wander aimlessly. When they are faint with hunger, he presents a grand banquet, only to make it magically disappear. Finally, he reminds them of their past treachery, bringing them into a repentant mood before Prospero, successfully completing his master's plan and earning his total freedom.  

मराठी टीप (दीर्घ उत्तर मार्गदर्शन):

1. सुरुवात: एरियल हा प्रोस्पेरोचा अत्यंत प्रामाणिक सेवक आत्मा होता, ज्याला प्रोस्पेरोने झाडातून मुक्त केले होते.  

2. मुख्य कार्ये:

   • समुद्रात मोठे वादळ (tempest) निर्माण करून जहाज सुरक्षित बेटावर आणले.  

   • अदृश्य होऊन गाणे गात प्रिन्स फर्डिनांडला मिरांडाकडे आणले.  

   • झोपलेल्या राजाला मारण्याच्या कटातून त्याला जागे करून वाचवले.  

   • शत्रूंना घाबरवणे, भुकेले असताना जेवण गायब करणे आणि त्यांच्या चुकीची जाणीव करून देणे.  

3. शेवट: सर्व कामे यशस्वीरीत्या पूर्ण केल्यामुळे प्रोस्पेरोने त्याला कायमचे मुक्त केले.  

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