4.4. The Unsinkable Ship - My English Book - Std 8 - Marathi and Semi-English Medium - Maharashtra Board

SECTION 1 — Chapter Information / पाठ परिचय

मराठी टीप: हा पाठ शालेय परीक्षेत येतो. हे पाठ्यपुस्तक इयत्ता ८ वी साठी आहे — MSBSHSE च्या मार्गदर्शक तत्त्वांनुसार तयार केलेले.

SECTION 2 — About the Author / लेखक परिचय

This chapter is a factual, historical account rather than a story by a single author. It provides real information about the famous ship named Titanic. It explains the ship's massive size, its first journey, and the tragic accident that changed maritime safety rules forever.

मराठी टीप: हा पाठ कोणत्याही एका लेखकाने लिहिलेला नसून, टायटॅनिक जहाजाच्या खऱ्या ऐतिहासिक घटनेवर आधारित आहे. यातून विद्यार्थ्यांना जहाजाचा अपघात आणि सुरक्षेचे महत्त्व समजते.

SECTION 4 — Summary / सारांश

The Titanic was the largest luxury ship in the world. It began its first journey from England to New York in April 1912. People believed it was "unsinkable," so the builders put very few life-boats on it. Tragically, on the night of 14 April, the ship hit a huge iceberg. The ship filled with water and sank. Because there were not enough life-boats, many people lost their lives. This disaster taught the world a lesson, and strict new safety rules were created for all ships.

मराठी सारांश: टायटॅनिक हे जगातील सर्वात मोठे जहाज होते. ते कधीच बुडणार नाही या विश्वासाने त्यावर खूप कमी जीवरक्षक बोटी ठेवल्या होत्या. एके रात्री हे जहाज हिमनगाला धडकले आणि बुडाले. अपुऱ्या बोटींमुळे अनेकांचे प्राण गेले. या घटनेनंतर जहाजांवर सुरक्षेचे कडक नियम लागू करण्यात आले.

SECTION 5 — Key Facts / मुख्य मुद्दे

FACT 1: The Titanic started its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York on 10 April 1912.

मराठी: टायटॅनिकने आपला पहिला प्रवास १० एप्रिल १९१२ रोजी सुरू केला.

FACT 2: The builders were overconfident and placed only a few life-boats on the ship.

मराठी: जहाज बुडणार नाही या फाजील विश्वासाने त्यांनी जहाजावर खूप कमी बोटी ठेवल्या.

FACT 3: At 11.40 p.m. on 14 April, the ship hit a massive iceberg in the calm sea.

मराठी: १४ एप्रिलला रात्री ११.४० वाजता शांत समुद्रात जहाज एका मोठ्या हिमनगाला धडकले.

FACT 4: In 1913, new rules forced all ships to carry enough life-boats for everyone.

मराठी: १९१३ मध्ये सर्व जहाजांसाठी सुरक्षिततेचे नवीन नियम बनवण्यात आले.

Key Data Table

SECTION 6 — Central Theme and Values / केंद्रीय भाव आणि मूल्ये

6A. Theme Table / विषय सारणी

6B. Values / मूल्ये

• Bravery (शौर्य) — Captain Smith and his crew show bravery when they go down with the ship trying to save others.

• Responsibility (जबाबदारी) — The disaster shows the responsibility of shipbuilders to provide enough safety equipment for everyone.

6C. Central Message / केंद्रीय संदेश

We must never be too proud or overconfident about human creations. Always be prepared for emergencies and put human safety first.

मराठी टीप: आपण कधीही फाजील आत्मविश्वास बाळगू नये आणि संकटासाठी नेहमी तयार राहावे, हा या पाठाचा संदेश आहे.

SECTION 7 — Vocabulary in Context / शब्दसंग्रह

SECTION 8 — Practice Questions / सराव प्रश्न

Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions (Types 1 to 6):

TYPE 1 — True/False (1M each · 5 questions)

1. State True or False: 'The sky was cloudy on the night of 14 April.'

Answer: False.

2. State True or False: 'Captain Smith knew there were icebergs nearby.'

Answer: True.

3. State True or False: 'The man saw the iceberg at 10:40 p.m.'

Answer: False.

4. State True or False: 'The ship changed direction very quickly to avoid the ice.'

Answer: False.

5. State True or False: 'Most passengers were awake when the danger appeared.'

Answer: False.

मराठी टीप: उताऱ्यातील माहितीवरूनच उत्तर द्या. (True म्हणजे बरोबर, False म्हणजे चूक).

TYPE 2 — Choose the Correct Alternative (1M each · 5 questions)

1. What was the man on top of the ship told to do?

a) Clean the deck

b) Keep a watch for icebergs

c) Wake up the passengers

d) Send radio messages

Answer: b

2. Why did the man grow cold with fear?

a) The weather was very cold

b) He was sick

c) He saw a huge iceberg in the ship's path

d) He lost his jacket

Answer: c

3. What did Captain Smith try to do?

a) Steer the Titanic away from the iceberg

b) Stop the engine immediately

c) Jump off the ship

d) Turn on the lights

Answer: a

4. How did the Titanic hit the iceberg?

a) It crashed head-on

b) Her side scraped the mountain of ice

c) It hit the back of the ship

d) The iceberg fell on top of it

Answer: b  

5. What was the condition of the sea on 14 April?

a) Very rough

b) Full of high waves

c) Calm

d) Stormy

Answer: c  

मराठी टीप: चुकीचे पर्याय गाळून योग्य उत्तर शोधा. उताऱ्यात दिलेली अचूक माहिती निवडा.  

TYPE 3 — Answer in One Word/Phrase (1M each · 4 questions)  

1. Who knew that there were icebergs nearby?

Answer: Captain Smith.  

2. What did the man yell when he saw the danger?

Answer: ICEBERG!  

3. What did the ship's side scrape against?

Answer: The mountain of ice.  

4. What was the exact time when the man saw the iceberg?

Answer: 11.40 p.m.

मराठी टीप: उत्तर एका शब्दात किंवा वाक्यांशात द्या. पूर्ण वाक्य लिहिण्याची गरज नाही.

TYPE 4 — Complete the Sentences (1M each · 4 questions)

1. Complete the sentence: 'Many of the passengers were ________.'

Answer: asleep

2. Complete the sentence: 'He grew cold with ________.'

Answer: fear

3. Complete the sentence: 'Captain Smith fought hard to ________ the Titanic away.'

Answer: steer

4. Complete the sentence: '...but the ship changed direction ________.'

Answer: slowly

मराठी टीप: उताऱ्यात काळजीपूर्वक शोधून रिकाम्या जागी योग्य तोच शब्द भरा.

TYPE 5 — Answer in 2-3 Sentences (2M each · 5 questions)

1. Why did the man on watch grow cold with fear?

Answer: The man grew cold with fear because he suddenly saw a huge iceberg right in the path of the Titanic. He realized the ship was going to crash.

मराठी टीप: या उत्तरात 'huge iceberg' (मोठा हिमनग) अचानक पाहिल्यामुळे त्याला भीती वाटली, हा मुख्य मुद्दा लिहा.

2. What happened when Captain Smith tried to steer the ship away?

Answer: When Captain Smith tried to steer the ship away, it changed direction very slowly. Because of this, the side of the ship scraped against the huge iceberg.

मराठी टीप: जहाजाने हळू दिशा बदलली आणि जहाजाची बाजू बर्फाला घासली गेली (scraped), हे दोन मुद्दे उत्तरात हवेत.

3. Why did Captain Smith tell a man to keep watch from the top?

Answer: Captain Smith knew that there were dangerous icebergs floating nearby in the sea. Therefore, he told a man to keep a strict watch from the top of the ship to avoid accidents.

मराठी टीप: कॅप्टनला हिमनगांबद्दल (icebergs) आधीच माहिती होती, म्हणून त्याने पहारा ठेवण्यास सांगितले हे स्पष्ट करा.

4. Why was the Titanic called an "unsinkable" ship? (From the whole chapter)

Answer: The Titanic was a huge, magnificent, and strongly built luxury ship. The builders were so confident in its modern design that they believed it could never sink.

मराठी टीप: जहाज खूप मोठे आणि मजबूत होते, त्यामुळे बांधणाऱ्यांना ते कधीच बुडणार नाही असा फाजील आत्मविश्वास होता, हे लिहा.

5. Why didn't 'The California' help the Titanic? (From the whole chapter)

Answer: The ship 'The California' was only twenty miles away, but it did not receive Titanic's messages. This happened because her radio was turned off and the operator was asleep.

मराठी टीप: 'कॅलिफोर्निया' जहाजाचा রেডिओ बंद होता आणि ऑपरेटर झोपला होता, हे मुख्य कारण उत्तरात लिहा.

TYPE 6 — Answer in 4-5 Sentences (3M each · 3 questions)

1. What damage was caused to the ship after it hit the iceberg? (From the whole chapter)

Answer: When the Titanic scraped against the iceberg, a shower of ice fell onto the decks. The sharp ice cut holes along the ship's side. Because of these holes, water began to pour rapidly into the lower decks. The crew could not stop the water from flooding, which eventually caused the ship to sink.

मराठी टीप: १. बर्फाचा खच डेकवर पडला. २. जहाजाला भोके पडली. ३. पाणी आत शिरले आणि पूर आला, हे ३ मुद्दे क्रमाने लिहा.

2. What two important safety rules were made in 1913 after the Titanic sank? (From the whole chapter)

Answer: The tragic sinking of the Titanic made authorities think seriously about passenger safety. In 1913, two strict rules were made. First, all ships must have enough space in their life-boats to carry everyone on board. Second, ships must keep their radios working every hour of the day and night.

मराठी टीप: १. सर्वांसाठी पुरेशा जीवरक्षक बोटी (life-boats) असणे बंधनकारक. २. रेडिओ २४ तास चालू ठेवणे आवश्यक, हे दोन नियम सविस्तर लिहा.

3. Describe the final moments of the Titanic before it vanished into the sea. (From the whole chapter)

Answer: As the ship took in more water, it began to tilt dangerously into the sea. Desperate passengers began to jump from the decks into the ice-cold water. With its lights still shining, the Titanic stood upright for a few minutes. Finally, at 2.20 a.m. on 15 April, the massive ship vanished completely into the ocean.

मराठी टीप: १. जहाज तिरपे झाले. २. लोक पाण्यात उड्या मारू लागले. ३. जहाज काही वेळ सरळ उभे राहिले आणि शेवटी बुडाले, या क्रमाने वर्णन करा.

TYPE 7 — Word Meanings / Vocabulary in Context (1M each · 5 questions)

1. The word 'voyage' means...

Answer: a long journey by sea.

मराठी अर्थ: समुद्री प्रवास.

मराठी टीप: पाठात हा शब्द टायटॅनिकच्या पहिल्या प्रवासासाठी (maiden voyage) वापरला आहे.

2. The word 'scraped' means...

Answer: rubbed against a rough surface.

मराठी अर्थ: घासले गेले.

मराठी टीप: जहाजाची बाजू हिमनगाला घासली गेली, यासाठी हा शब्द आला आहे.

3. The word 'rapidly' means...

Answer: very fast or quickly.

मराठी अर्थ: वेगाने.

मराठी टीप: जहाजात पाणी अतिशय वेगाने (rapidly) भरत होते.

4. The word 'urgent' means...

Answer: needing immediate attention or action.

मराठी अर्थ: तातडीचे.

मराठी टीप: मदतीसाठी पाठवलेल्या तातडीच्या संदेशांसाठी (urgent messages) हा शब्द वापरला आहे.

5. The word 'vanished' means...

Answer: disappeared completely.

मराठी अर्थ: नाहीसे झाले / बुडाले.

मराठी टीप: जहाज समुद्रात पूर्णपणे नाहीसे झाले (vanished), हे सांगण्यासाठी शब्द आला आहे.

TYPE 8 — Personal Response (2M each · 2 questions)

1. Do you think the builders of the Titanic were careless? Why?

Answer: Yes, I think the builders were very careless. Because they were overconfident that the ship was unsinkable, they provided only a few life-boats. If they had provided enough boats, many innocent lives could have been saved.

मराठी टीप: 'हो' किंवा 'नाही' असे स्पष्ट मत नोंदवून, कमी बोटी ठेवल्यामुळे झालेली जीवितहानी, हे कारण दिल्यास पूर्ण गुण मिळतील.

2. What would you do if you saw someone in danger, like the crew on the Titanic?

Answer: If I saw someone in danger, I would try to help them immediately without panicking. If I couldn't help them myself, I would quickly call for help from adults, the police, or emergency rescue teams.

मराठी टीप: स्वतः मदत करण्याचा प्रयत्न करणे आणि मोठ्या व्यक्तींना किंवा पोलिसांना बोलावणे, असा व्यावहारिक आणि सकारात्मक विचार मांडल्यास गुण मिळतील.

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