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1. विराम चिन्ह के प्रकार - शिल्पी प्रकाश, भाषालॅब

Mar 6

‘विराम’  का अर्थ है रुकना। इस भाग दौड़ के जीवन में इंसान को कहीं ना कहीं रुकना आवश्यक करता है। हर किसी को विश्राम की आवश्यकता पड़ती है। यह विश्राम अवकाश का दूसरा नाम  है। पहले विराम है, फिर विश्राम है। इस तरह लेखन मानव जीवन की एक विशेष मानसिक अवस्था होती है। उस लेखन मस्तिष्क को भी पूर्ण विराम की आवश्यकता होती है। ऐसा इसलिए होता है क्योंकि हमारी मानसिक स्थिति हमेशा एक समान नहीं रहती है। यही कारण है कि लेखन क्रिया में विराम चिन्हों का प्रयोग किया जाता है। लेखक के लेखन को समझने के लिए उनके भावों-विचारों की स्पष्टता को स्पष्ट रखने के लिए  हिंदी भाषा में अनेक प्रकार के विराम चिन्हों का प्रयोग किया जाता है। यह विराम चिन्ह 21 प्रकार के होते हैं :- 


  1. अल्पविराम (,)  

  2. अर्द्धविराम (;)  

  3. पूर्णविराम (।) 

  4. उपविराम (:) 

  5. प्रश्नवाचक चिन्ह (?) 

  6. योजक चिन्ह (-) 

  7. कोष्ठक चिन्ह  { },  [ ],  ( )

  8. इकहरा उध्दरण चिन्ह (‘’)

  9. दुहरा उध्दरण चिन्ह  (“ ”) 

  10. विस्मयादिबोदक चिन्ह (!) 

  11. लाधब चिन्ह  (०) 

  12. निर्देशक चिन्ह (--) 

  13. विवरण चिन्ह (:-)

  14. त्रुटिपूरक चिन्ह (^) 

  15. पदलोप चिन्ह (...)

  16. रेखांकन चिन्ह (_) 

  17. संकेत चिन्ह (*) 

  18. दीर्ध उच्चारण चिन्ह (s)  

  19. समानता सूचक चिन्ह (=)  

  20. विक्लप चिन्ह (/)  

  21. समाप्ति सूचक चिन्ह (---०----) 


The word 'विराम' (Viraam) means to pause or stop. In this fast-paced life, it is essential for a person to pause somewhere. Everyone needs rest. This rest is another name for 'अवकाश' (avkaash) or leisure. First comes the pause (विराम), then comes the rest (विश्राम). In this way, writing is a special mental state of human life. Even the writing mind needs a full stop (पूर्ण विराम) at times. This happens because our mental state is not always the same. This is why punctuation marks are used in the process of writing. To understand the writer's work and to clarify their emotions and thoughts, various types of punctuation marks are used in the Hindi language. There are 21 types of punctuation marks in Hindi:


  1. अल्पविराम (Alpviraam) - Comma (,)

  2. अर्द्धविराम (Ardhviraam) - Semicolon (;)

  3. पूर्णविराम (Poornviraam) - Full stop (।)

  4. उपविराम (Upviraam) - Colon (:)

  5. प्रश्नवाचक चिन्ह (Prashnavaachak Chinha) - Question mark (?)

  6. योजक चिन्ह (Yojak Chinha) - Hyphen (-)

  7. कोष्ठक चिन्ह (Koshthak Chinha) - Brackets { }, [ ], ( )

  8. इकहरा उध्दरण चिन्ह (Ekahra Udhdharan Chinha) - Single quotation marks (‘’)

  9. दुहरा उध्दरण चिन्ह (Duhra Udhdharan Chinha) - Double quotation marks (“ ”)

  10. विस्मयादिबोदक चिन्ह (Vismayaadibodak Chinha) - Exclamation mark (!)

  11. लाघव चिन्ह (Laaghav Chinha) - Abbreviation mark (०)

  12. निर्देशक चिन्ह (Nirdeshak Chinha) - Dash (--)

  13. विवरण चिन्ह (Vivaran Chinha) - Explanation mark (:-)

  14. त्रुटिपूरक चिन्ह (Trutipoorak Chinha) - Caret (^)

  15. पदलोप चिन्ह (Padlop Chinha) - Ellipsis (...)

  16. रेखांकन चिन्ह (Rekhaankan Chinha) - Underscore (_)

  17. संकेत चिन्ह (Sanket Chinha) - Asterisk (*)

  18. दीर्घ उच्चारण चिन्ह (Deergh Uchcharan Chinha) - Long pronunciation mark (s)

  19. समानता सूचक चिन्ह (Samaanata Suchak Chinha) - Equals sign (=)

  20. विकल्प चिन्ह (Vikalp Chinha) - Slash (/)

  21. समाप्ति सूचक चिन्ह (Samaapti Suchak Chinha) - End mark (---०----)


These punctuation marks help in organizing and clarifying written expressions, making the writer's thoughts and emotions more understandable to the reader.


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