2. Nelson Mandela - Long Walk to Freedom - Class 10 - First Flight

📘 Detailed Chapter Summary:

This autobiographical extract describes Nelson Mandela’s inauguration as the first Black President of South Africa and his reflections on freedom, courage, and humanity. He recounts the struggle against apartheid, the joy of political freedom, and the sacrifices made by his people. Mandela also shares how his personal understanding of freedom evolved over time.

📝 Chapter-wise Notes & Literary Devices:

• Theme:

  • Freedom and struggle against oppression

  • Sacrifice and courage

  • Human dignity and equality
    

• Key Characters: Nelson Mandela, South African patriots, international leaders
  

• Literary Devices & Figures of Speech:

  • Metaphor: “twin obligations,” “long walk to freedom”

  • Irony: Oppressors themselves are not free

  • Alliteration: “South African soil,” “deep and lasting wound”

  • Symbolism: “Apartheid” as injustice, “rainbow nation” as unity

  • Imagery: Military jets, national anthems, colourful smoke trails

    
    

📚 Previous Year Questions with Answers (in Board Exam Style):

1. What “twin obligations” does Mandela mention? Nelson Mandela mentions that every person has twin obligations—obligations to their family, including parents, spouse, and children, and obligations to their community, country, and people.
   

2. What does Mandela mean by “extraordinary human disaster”? By “extraordinary human disaster,” Mandela refers to the apartheid system that caused immense suffering, inequality, and injustice to the people of South Africa.
   

3. Why were two national anthems sung during the inauguration? Two national anthems were sung—'Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika' and 'Die Stem'—to symbolise the new unity and equality in South Africa after the end of apartheid, bringing together people of different races.
   

🧠 Probable Questions for Practice (in Board Exam Style):

1. How did Mandela's understanding of freedom evolve with age? In his childhood, Mandela viewed freedom as personal choices like playing and moving freely. As he grew older, he realised true freedom meant living with dignity, having equal rights, and the ability to serve his people without fear or restrictions.
   

2. Why does Mandela believe both the oppressed and the oppressor need to be freed? Mandela believes both must be freed because the oppressed suffer injustice while the oppressors are imprisoned by hatred and narrow-mindedness. True freedom includes freedom for all, without discrimination.
   

3. Explain the line: “Man’s goodness is a flame that can be hidden but never extinguished.” The line means that even in the darkest of times, human kindness and compassion never truly die. They may be suppressed by fear or cruelty, but they always remain and can be revived.
   

🧾 Worksheets with Model Answers:

A. Short Answer Questions

1. Why did so many international leaders attend the inauguration? A large number of international leaders attended the inauguration to show support for the victory of democracy and human rights over apartheid in South Africa. It marked a significant moment in global history.
   

2. How did apartheid affect South African society? Apartheid caused racial segregation, social injustice, and economic hardship for non-white citizens. It created deep divisions and prolonged suffering among the people.
   

B. Fill in the Blanks

1. Nelson Mandela became the ________ President of South Africa. Ans: first Black
   

2. The inauguration ceremony took place in ________. Ans: the Union Buildings amphitheatre, Pretoria
   

C. Value-Based Question

1. What qualities do you think a good leader must possess, based on Mandela’s example? A good leader must be courageous, selfless, and committed to justice. A leader must also inspire unity, show empathy, and remain determined to fight against inequality, as Nelson Mandela did.
   

🎯 Grammar Worksheet Based on the Lesson:

A. Reported Speech

1. Mandela said, “Let freedom reign.” → ______________________ Mandela said that freedom should reign.
   

2. Mandela said, “The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement.” → ______________________ Mandela said that the sun would never set on so glorious a human achievement.
   

B. Passive Voice

1. The guests welcomed the President warmly. → ______________________ The President was warmly welcomed by the guests.
   

2. The government had enforced apartheid laws. → ______________________ Apartheid laws had been enforced by the government.
   

C. Tense Correction

1. The leaders has came to attend the inauguration. → ______________________ The leaders had come to attend the inauguration.
   

2. Mandela is fought for freedom. → ______________________ Mandela fought for freedom.
   

D. Noun Formation (Add suffixes like -ment, -tion)

1. govern → _______________ government

2. assist → _______________assistance

3. rebel → _______________rebellion

4. constitute → _______________constitution

END

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