8. जटायोः शौर्यम् - Jatayo Shouryam - Class 9 - Shemushi 1

1. Chapter Summary (Paath Saar)

English Summary: This chapter is an excerpt from the Aranya Kanda of the epic Ramayana, written by Maharishi Valmiki. It describes the heroic battle between Jatayu, the king of birds, and the demon king Ravana.

When Ravana abducts Sita and takes her away, she weeps piteously and spots Jatayu perched on a tree. She pleads with him to rescue her. Jatayu, though old, challenges the young and powerful Ravana. He warns Ravana to desist from his sinful act, but Ravana refuses. A fierce battle ensues. Jatayu fights bravely with his sharp claws and beak. He destroys Ravana's chariot, kills his horses and charioteer, and breaks his jewelled bow. Despite being unarmed and aged, Jatayu inflicts severe wounds on Ravana and tears off his ten left arms, displaying immense valor in the protection of righteousness and women.

Moral (Sandesh): One must always stand up against injustice and protect the weak, regardless of one's age or the strength of the opponent. Bravery in a righteous cause is the highest virtue.

2. Sentence-by-Sentence Translation (Anuvad)

3. Shloka Analysis

Shloka 1 सा तदा करुणा वाचो विलपन्ती सुदुःखिता। वनस्पतिगतं गृध्रं ददर्शायतलोचना॥

• Anvaya: तदा सुदुःखिता करुणाः वाचः विलपन्ती सा आयतलोचना (सीता) वनस्पतिगतं गृध्रं ददर्श।

• English Meaning: Then, the extremely sad wide-eyed Sita, lamenting with piteous words, saw the vulture (Jatayu) perched on a tree.

  
  

Shloka 5 निवर्तय मतिं नीचां परदाराभिमर्शनात्। न तत्समाचरेद्धीरो यत्परोऽस्य विगर्हयेत्॥

• Anvaya: (रावण!) परदाराभिमर्शनात् (तव) नीचां मतिं निवर्तय। धीरः तत् न समाचरेत् यत् अस्य परः विगर्हयेत्।

• English Meaning: (O Ravana!) Turn your low mind away from touching another's wife. A wise person should not practice that behavior which others would criticize/condemn.

  
  

Shloka 6 वृद्धोऽहं त्वं युवा धन्वी सरथः कवची शरी। न चाप्यादाय कुशली वैदेहीं मे गमिष्यसि॥

• Anvaya: अहं वृद्धः (अस्मि), त्वं युवा, धन्वी, सरथः, कवची, शरी (असि), (तथापि) मे (जीवति सति) वैदेहीम् आदाय (त्वं) कुशली न गमिष्यसि।

• English Meaning: I am old, and you are young, having a bow, chariot, armor, and arrows. Even so, while I am alive, you shall not go safely taking Vaidehi (Sita).

  
  

Shloka 8 ततोऽस्य सशरं चापं मुक्तामणिविभूषितम्। चरणाभ्यां महातेजा बभञ्ज पतगेश्वरः॥

• Anvaya: ततः महातेजाः पतगेश्वरः अस्य मुक्तामणिविभूषितं सशरं चापं चरणाभ्यां बभञ्ज।

• English Meaning: Then the great radiant king of birds broke his (Ravana's) bow, which was decorated with pearls and gems and held arrows, using his feet.

  
  

4. Word Meanings (Kathin Shabdarth)

1. आयतलोचना (Ayatalochana) = Wide-eyed (विशालाक्षी)

2. ह्रियमाणाम् (Hriyamanam) = Being abducted/carried away (नीयमानाम्)

3. शुश्रुवे (Shushruve) = Heard (श्रुतवान्)

4. पर्वतशृङ्गाभः (Parvatashringabhah) = Resembling a mountain peak (पर्वतशिखरवत् उन्नतः)

5. परदाराभिमर्शनात् (Paradaraabhimarshanat) = From touching another's wife (परस्त्रीस्पर्शात्)

6. विगर्हयेत् (Vigarhayet) = Should condemn/criticize (निन्दितं कुर्यात्)

7. धन्वी (Dhanvi) = Armed with a bow (धनुर्धरः)

8. भग्नधन्वा (Bhagnadhanva) = One whose bow is broken (भग्नं धनुः यस्य सः)

9. अरिन्दमः (Arindamah) = Destroyer of enemies (शत्रुदमनः)

10. व्यपाहरत् (Vyapaharat) = Tore off / Removed (पृथक् अकरोत् / नाशितवान्)

    
    

5. Competency-Based Assessment

A. Question Construction (Prashna Nirman)

B. Bhashik Karyam (Linguistic Work)

1. Question: In "खगोत्तमः शुभां गिरं व्याजहार", what is the Visheshan (Adjective) for 'Giram'?

   • Answer: शुभाम् (Shubham).

   • Explanation: 'Shubham' (Auspicious) describes the noun 'Giram' (Speech/Words).

     
     

2. Question: In "सः तदा करुणा वाचो विलपन्ती", who is 'Sa' (She)?

   • Answer: सीता / आयतलोचना

   • Explanation: It refers to Sita who is lamenting.

     
     

3. Question: Write a synonym for "पक्षी" from the text.

   • Answer: खगः / पतगः / विहगः  (Used in 'Khagottama', 'Patagasattama').

   • Explanation: These words denote 'bird'.

     
     

4. Question: Write the antonym for "प्रशंसित" (Praised) from Shloka 5.

   • Answer: विगर्हयेत् (Criticize/Condemn).

   • Explanation: The verse contrasts rightful action with what is criticized ('Vigarhayet').

     
     

6. Subjective Q&A (Pathit Avabodhanam)

A. Ekpaden Uttarat (One Word Answers)

• Q: आयतलोचना का अस्ति? (Who is the wide-eyed one?)

  • Ans: सीता (Sita).

    
    

• Q: सा कं ददर्श? (Whom did she see?)

  • Ans: गृध्रम् / जटायुम् (The vulture / Jatayu).

    
    

• Q: खगोत्तमः कीदृशीं गिरं व्याजहार? (What kind of words did the best of birds speak?)

  • Ans: शुभाम् (Auspicious/Good).

    
    

• Q: जटायुः काभ्यां रावणस्य गात्रे व्रणं चकार? (With what did Jatayu inflict wounds on Ravana's body?)

  • Ans: तीक्ष्णनखाभ्याम् / चरणाभ्याम् (With sharp claws / With feet) .

    
    

• Q: अरिन्दमः खगाधिपः कति बाहून् व्यपाहरत्? (How many arms did the enemy-destroyer king of birds tear off?)

  • Ans: दश (Ten).

    
    

B. Purnavakyen Uttarat (Full Sentence Answers)

• Q: जटायुः रावणं किं कथयति? (What does Jatayu tell Ravana?)

  • Ans: जटायुः रावणं कथयति - "परदाराभिमर्शनात् नीचां मतिं निवर्तय; धीरः तत् न समाचरेत् यत् परः विगर्हयेत्।" (Jatayu tells Ravana - "Turn your low mind away from touching another's wife; a wise man should not do that which others criticize.") .

    
    

• Q: क्रोधवशात् रावणः किं कर्तुम् उद्यतः अभवत्? (What did Ravana become ready to do out of anger?)

  • Ans: क्रोधवशात् रावणः जटायुं तलेन अभिजघान / हन्तुम् उद्यतः अभवत्। (Out of anger, Ravana struck Jatayu with his palm/hilt).

    
    

• Q: पतगेश्वरः रावणस्य कीदृशं चापं सशरं बभञ्ज? (What kind of bow of Ravana did the lord of birds break?)

  • Ans: पतगेश्वरः रावणस्य मुक्तामणिविभूषितं सशरं चापं बभञ्ज। (The lord of birds broke Ravana's bow which was decorated with pearls and gems and had arrows).

    
    

7. Integrated Grammar (Vyakaran)

A. Sandhi (Joining/Splitting)

1. जटायो = जटायो (Sambodhana - no change in Visarga context here, but originally Jatayuḥ -> Jatayo in address).

2. शृङ्गाभः = शृङ्ग + आभः (Dirgha Sandhi).

3. ततोऽस्य = ततः + अस्य (Visarga - Utvam + Purvarupa).

4. खगोत्तमः = खग + उत्तमः (Guna Sandhi).

5. हताश्वः = हत + अश्वः (Dirgha Sandhi).

   
   

B. Pratyaya (Suffixes)

Based on the 'Bhashik Vistar' in the chapter:

1. कवच + णिनि (इन) = कवची (Armoured).

2. शर + णिनि (इन) = शरी (One with arrows).

3. धन + णिनि (इन) = धनी (Wealthy).

4. गुण + णिनि (इन) = गुणी (Virtuous).

5. कुशल + णिनि (इन) = कुशली (Safe/Skillful).

   
   

C. Samas (Compounds)

1. हताश्वः = हताः अश्वाः यस्य सः (Bahuvrihi) - One whose horses are killed.

2. भग्नधन्वा = भग्नं धनुः यस्य सः (Bahuvrihi) - One whose bow is broken.

3. खगोत्तमः = खगेषु उत्तमः (Saptami Tatpurusha) - Best among birds.

4. क्रोधमूर्च्छितः = क्रोधेन मूर्च्छितः (Tritiya Tatpurusha) - Fainted/Blinded by anger.

5. पतगेश्वरः = पतगानाम् ईश्वरः (Shashti Tatpurusha) - Lord of birds.

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