9. पर्यावरणम् - Paryavaranam - Class 9 - Shemushi 1
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Updated: 14 hours ago
1. Chapter Summary (Paath Saar)
English Summary:
This chapter is a minor essay focusing on the critical issue of environmental degradation. It highlights how modern lifestyle and industrialization have polluted the five essential elements of nature—Earth, Water, Light (Fire), Air, and Sky. The text describes nature as a protector that nourishes all living beings. However, blinded by selfishness, humans are destroying the very environment that sustains them. Deforestation, pollution of rivers, and the release of toxic gases have created a crisis where life itself is threatened. The chapter urges us to return to the ancient wisdom of respecting nature, protecting trees and water bodies, and maintaining the balance of the ecosystem for the survival of humanity. It concludes with the message that religion and ethics are inherently linked to environmental protection.
Moral (Sandesh):
Nature protects us if we protect it. "Dharmo Rakshati Rakshitah" (Dharma protects those who protect it) applies to the environment as well. We must conserve nature to ensure our own survival and happiness.
2. Sentence-by-Sentence Translation (Anuvad)
Sanskrit Text (Split Sandhis) | English Translation |
प्रकृतिः समेषां प्राणिनां संरक्षणाय यतते। | Nature strives for the protection of all living beings. |
इयं सर्वान् पुष्णाति विविधैः प्रकारैः सुखसाधनैः च तर्पयति। | It nourishes everyone in various ways and satisfies them with means of comfort. |
पृथिवी, जलं, तेजः, वायुः, आकाशः च अस्याः प्रमुखाणि तत्त्वानि। | Earth, Water, Light (Fire), Air, and Space are its main elements. |
तान्येव मिलित्वा पृथक्तया वा अस्माकं पर्यावरणं रचयन्ति। | Only these, combined or separately, create our environment. |
आवृियते परितः समन्तात् लोकः अनेन इति पर्यावरणम्। | That by which the world is covered all around is called 'Environment'. |
यथा अजातशिशुः मातृगर्भे सुरक्षितः तिष्ठति तथैव मानवः पर्यावरणकुक्षौ। | Just as an unborn baby remains safe in the mother's womb, similarly, a human remains safe in the womb of the environment. |
परिवष्कृतं प्रदूषणरहितं च पर्यावरणम् अस्मभ्यं सांसारिकं जीवनसुखं सद्विचारं सत्यसङ्कल्पं माङ्गलिकसामग्रीं च प्रददाति। | A refined and pollution-free environment gives us worldly happiness, good thoughts, true resolve, and auspicious materials. |
प्रकृतिकोपैः आतङ्कितो जनः किं कर्तुं प्रभवति? | What can a person, terrified by the wrath of nature, do? |
जलप्लावनैः, अग्निभयैः, भूकम्पैः, वात्याचक्रैः, उल्कापातादिभिश्च सन्तप्तस्य मानवस्य क्व मङ्गलम्? | Where is the well-being of a human tormented by floods, fear of fire, earthquakes, cyclones, and falling meteors? |
अतएव अस्माभिः प्रकृतिः रक्षणीया। | Therefore, nature must be protected by us. |
तेन च पर्यावरणं रक्षितं भविष्यति। | And by that, the environment will be protected. |
प्राचीनकाले लोकमङ्गलाकाङ्क्षिणः ऋषयः वने निवसन्ति स्म। | In ancient times, sages desiring the welfare of the world used to live in forests. |
यतो हि वने सुरक्षितं पर्यावरणम् उपलभ्यते स्म। | Because a safe environment was available in the forest. |
तत्र विहगाः कलकूजित-श्रोत्ररसायनं ददति। | There, birds provide chirping that is like an elixir to the ears. |
सरितो गिरिनिर्झराश्च अमृतस्वादु निर्मलं जलं प्रयच्छन्ति। | Rivers and mountain springs provide pure water that tastes like nectar. |
वृक्षाः लताश्च फलानि पुष्पाणि इन्धनकाष्ठानि च बाहुल्येन समुपहरन्ति। | Trees and creepers provide fruits, flowers, and fuel wood in abundance. |
शीतलमन्दसुगन्धवनपवनाः औषधकल्पं प्राणवायुं वितरन्ति। | Cool, gentle, and fragrant forest winds distribute life-giving air (oxygen) which is like medicine. |
परन्तु स्वार्थान्धो मानवः तदेव पर्यावरणम् अद्य नाशयति। | But the human, blinded by selfishness, is destroying that very environment today. |
स्वल्पलाभाय जनाः बहुमूल्यानि वस्तूनि नाशयन्ति। | For a small gain, people destroy valuable things. |
जनाः यन्त्रागाराणां विषाक्तं जलं नद्यां निपातयन्ति। | People dump the poisonous water of factories into the river. |
तेन मत्स्यादीनां जलचराणां च क्षणेनैव नाशो भवति। | By that, fish and other aquatic creatures are destroyed in a moment. |
नदीजलमपि तत् सर्वथा अपेयं जायते। | Even the river water becomes completely undrinkable. |
मानवाः व्यापारवर्धनाय वनवृक्षान् निर्विवेकं छिन्दन्ति। | Humans cut down forest trees indiscriminately to increase trade. |
तस्मात् अवृष्टिः प्रवर्धते वनपशवश्च शरणरहिताः ग्रामेषु उपद्रवं विदधति। | Due to that, drought increases, and shelterless forest animals cause trouble in villages. |
शुद्धवायुः अपि वृक्षकर्तनेन सङ्कटापन्नो जातः। | Even pure air has become endangered due to the cutting of trees. |
एवं हि स्वार्थान्धमानवैः विकृतिं उपगता प्रकृतिः एव सर्वेषां विनाशकर्त्री भवति। | Thus, nature, having attained deformity by humans blinded by selfishness, itself becomes the destroyer of all. |
विकृतिमुपगते पर्यावरणे विविधाः रोगाः भीषणसमस्याश्च जायन्ते। | When the environment becomes degraded, various diseases and terrible problems arise. |
तत्सर्वम् इदानीं चिन्तनीयं प्रतिभाति। | All that seems worrying now. |
धर्मो रक्षति रक्षितः इत्यार्षवचनम्। | "Dharma protects if it is protected" — this is the saying of the sages. |
पर्यावरणरक्षणमपि धर्मस्यैव अङ्गमिति ऋषयः प्रतिपादितवन्तः। | The sages have propounded that protecting the environment is also a part of Dharma/Religion. |
अतएव वापीकूपतडागादिनिर्माणं देवायतनविश्रामगृहादिस्थापनञ्च धर्मसिद्धेः स्रोतो रूपेण अङ्गीकृतम्। | Therefore, the construction of step-wells, wells, ponds, etc., and the establishment of temples and rest houses are accepted as sources of attaining Dharma. |
कुक्कुर-सूकर-सर्प-नकुलादीनां स्थलचराणां मत्स्य-कच्छप-मकरप्रभृतीनां जलचराणाञ्च अपि रक्षणाय यतते। | (Nature/Dharma) strives for the protection of land animals like dogs, pigs, snakes, mongooses, and aquatic animals like fish, turtles, and crocodiles. |
यतः ते स्थल-मलांन अपनोदिनः जलमलानाम अपहारिणश्च। | Because they are the removers of land filth and the removers of water filth. |
प्रकृतिरक्षयैव लोकरक्षा सम्भवतीति नास्ति अत्र संशयः। | Global protection is possible only through the protection of nature; there is no doubt about this. |
3. Shloka Analysis
Shloka 1 (Mentioned in some editions/context)
दशकूपसमा वापी दशवापीसमो हृदः।
दशहृदसमः पुत्रो दशपुत्रसमो द्रुमः॥ (Matsyapurana)
Anvaya: एका वापी दशकूपसमा (भवति), एकः हृदः दशवापीसमः (भवति), एकः पुत्रः दशहृदसमः (भवति), (तथा च) एकः द्रुमः दशपुत्रसमः (भवति)।
English Meaning: A step-well is equal to ten wells; a pond is equal to ten step-wells; a son is equal to ten ponds; and a single tree is equal to ten sons.
Shloka 2
जातन्धो मानवो लोके न जानाति शुभाशुभम्।
पर्यावरणनाशेन आत्मनाशं करोति सः॥ (Relevant contextual verse)
Anvaya: लोके जातन्धः (स्वार्थे अन्धः) मानवः शुभाशुभं न जानाति। सः पर्यावरणनाशेन आत्मनाशं करोति।
English Meaning: A human, born blind (or blinded by selfishness) in this world, does not know what is good or bad. By destroying the environment, he brings about his own destruction.
4. Word Meanings (Kathin Shabdarth)
समन्तात् (Samantat) = From all sides (परितः)
कुक्षौ (Kukshau) = In the womb (गर्भे)
आतङ्कितः (Aatankitah) = Terrified (भीतः)
वात्याचक्रैः (Vatyachakraihi) = By cyclones/whirlwinds
लोककल्याणकाङ्क्षिणः (Lokakalyanakankshinah) = Desiring the welfare of the world
कलकूजितम् (Kalakujitam) = Sweet chirping of birds
गिरिनिर्झराः (Girinirjharah) = Mountain springs/waterfalls
यन्त्रागाराणाम् (Yantragaranam) = Of factories (कारखानानाम्)
अवृष्टिः (Avrishti) = Drought / Lack of rain
निर्विवेकम् (Nirvivekam) = Without wisdom / Indiscriminately
5. Competency-Based Assessment
A. Question Construction (Prashna Nirman)
Sentence | Question | Explanation |
प्रकृतिः समेषां प्राणिनां संरक्षणाय यतते। | का समेषां प्राणिनां संरक्षणाय यतते? | Used 'Ka' because 'Prakriti' is feminine singular. |
वयं पर्यावरणकुक्षौ सुरक्षितः तिष्ठामः। | वयं कुत्र/कस्मिन् सुरक्षितः तिष्ठामः? | Used 'Kutra' (Where) for locative place. |
वृक्षकर्तनेन शुद्धवायुः न लभ्यते। | केन शुद्धवायुः न लभ्यते? | Used 'Kena' for instrumental singular. |
धर्मः रक्षति रक्षितः। | कः रक्षति रक्षितः? | Used 'Kah' for masculine singular subject. |
स्वार्थान्धः मानवः पर्यावरणं नाशयति। | कीदृशः मानवः पर्यावरणं नाशयति? | Used 'Kidrishah' (What kind of) for the adjective. |
B. Bhashik Karyam (Linguistic Work)
Question: In "इयं सर्वान् पुष्णाति", what is the Kriya Padam (Verb)?
Answer: पुष्णाति (Nourishes).
Explanation: It denotes the action performed by nature.
Question: In "विषाक्तं जलम्", select the Visheshan (Adjective).
Answer: विषाक्तम् (Poisonous).
Explanation: It describes the quality of the water.
Question: Write a synonym for "पक्षी" from the text.
Answer: विहगः (Vihagah).
Explanation: Used in the sentence about birds chirping.
Question: Write the antonym for "शुद्धम्" from the text describing factory water.
Answer: विषाक्तम् (Poisonous/Impure) or मलिनम् (Dirty).
Explanation: The text contrasts pure water with poisonous/dirty water.
6. Subjective Q&A (Pathit Avabodhanam)
A. Ekpaden Uttarat (One Word Answers)
Q: मानवाः कुत्र सुरक्षितः तिष्ठति? (Where does human stay safe?)
Ans: पर्यावरणकुक्षौ (In the womb of the environment).
Q: स्वार्थान्धः मानवः किं करोति? (What does the human blinded by selfishness do?)
Ans: पर्यावरणनाशम् (Destruction of environment).
Q: वृक्षाणां कर्तनेन किं बाधितं भवति? (What is obstructed by the cutting of trees?)
Ans: वृष्टिः / शुद्धवायुः (Rain / Pure air).
Q: कः रक्षति रक्षितः? (Who protects if protected?)
Ans: धर्मः (Dharma).
Q: अजातशिशुः कुत्र सुरक्षितः तिष्ठति? (Where does an unborn child stay safe?)
Ans: मातृगर्भे (In the mother's womb).
B. Purnavakyen Uttarat (Full Sentence Answers)
Q: पर्यावरणस्य विकृतौ जातायां किं भवति? (What happens when the environment is degraded?)
Ans: पर्यावरणस्य विकृतौ जातायां विविधाः रोगाः भीषणसमस्याश्च जायन्ते। (When the environment is degraded, various diseases and terrible problems arise.)
Q: अस्माभिः प्रकृतेः रक्षा कथं करणीया? (How should we protect nature?)
Ans: अस्माभिः वृक्षारोपणं कृत्वा, जलस्रोतांसि रक्षित्वा, पशुपक्षीणां च रक्षणं कृत्वा प्रकृतेः रक्षा करणीया। (We should protect nature by planting trees, protecting water sources, and protecting animals and birds.) [Inferred from text context].
Q: प्राचीनकाले ऋषयः कुत्र निवसन्ति स्म? (Where did sages live in ancient times?)
Ans: प्राचीनकाले लोकमङ्गलाकाङ्क्षिणः ऋषयः वने निवसन्ति स्म। (Sages desiring world welfare lived in the forest).
7. Integrated Grammar (Vyakaran)
A. Sandhi (Joining/Splitting)
अतएव = अतः + एव (Visarga Sandhi - Lop).
लोकः + अनेन = लोकोऽनेन (Visarga - Utvam + Purvarupa).
नास्ति = न + अस्ति (Dirgha Sandhi).
यन्त्रागाराणाम् = यन्त्र + आगाराणाम् (Dirgha Sandhi).
इत्यादयः = इति + आदयः (Yan Sandhi).
B. Pratyaya (Suffixes)
रक्षणीया = रक्षण + अनीयर् (Aniyar) - Should be protected.
करणीयम् = कृ + अनीयर् (Aniyar) - Should be done.
पेयम् = पा + यत् (Yat) - Drinkable.
वक्तव्यम् = वच् + तव्यत् (Tavyat) - Should be spoken.
जातम् = जन् + क्त (Kta) - Born/Happened.
C. Upsarg (Prefixes)
प्रददाति = प्र (Prefix) + ददाति (Gives).
संरक्षणाय = सम् (Prefix) + रक्षणाय (Protection).
निपातयन्ति = नि (Prefix) + पातयन्ति (Throw down/Dump).
विहरन्ति = वि (Prefix) + हरन्ति (Roam).
उपगता = उप (Prefix) + गता (Reached).
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