10. अन्योक्तयः - Anyoktayah - Class 10 - Shemushi 2
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1. Chapter Summary (Paath Saar)
English Summary:
The chapter "Anyoktayah" (Allegories) is a collection of seven verses that convey deep moral and ethical truths through indirect expressions or metaphors. Using symbols from nature like the Royal Swan (Rajhansa), Cloud (Megha), Gardener (Malakar), Lake (Sarovar), and the Chataka bird, the poet highlights virtues such as the importance of quality over quantity, gratitude, the value of timely help in distress, loyalty, self-respect, and benevolence. For instance, a single Royal Swan adds more beauty to a lake than thousands of herons, and a cloud that empties itself to nourish the earth is truly wealthy. The verses encourage humans to cultivate these noble qualities.
Moral (Sandesh):
One should cultivate virtues like self-respect, gratitude, and generosity. True beauty and worth lie in one's qualities and actions, not in numbers or external appearances. We should also be discerning in whom we ask for help.
2. Shloka Translation (Anuvad)
Sanskrit Text (Split Sandhis) | English Translation |
Shloka 1: | |
एकेन राजहंसेन या शोभा सरसो भवेत्। | The beauty that a lake gets by a single Royal Swan. |
न सा बकसहस्त्रेण परितस्तीरवासिना॥ | That beauty is not achieved by thousands of herons living around the shores. |
Shloka 2: | |
भुक्ता मृणालपटली भवता निपीता- | You have eaten the stalks of lotus and drunk the water. |
न्यम्बूनि यत्र नलिनानि निषेवितानि। | Where you have enjoyed the lotuses. |
रे राजहंस! वद तस्य सरोवरस्य | O Royal Swan! Tell me, for that lake. |
कृत्येन केन भवितासि कृतोपकारः॥ | By what act will you repay your debt (gratitude)? |
Shloka 3: | |
तोयैरल्पैरपि करुणया भीमभानौ निदाघे | With even a little water given with compassion during the scorching summer sun. |
मालाकार! व्यरचि भवता या तरोरस्य पुष्टिः। | O Gardener! The nourishment you provided to this tree. |
सा किं शक्या जनयितुमिह प्रावृषेण्येन वारां | Can that be created here by the rainy season's clouds? |
धारासारानपि विकिरता विश्वतो वारिदेन॥ | Even if the cloud pours torrential streams of water all around? |
Shloka 4: | |
आपेदिरेऽम्बरपथं परितः पतङ्गाः | Birds have flown away to the sky in all directions. |
भृङ्गा रसालमुकुलानि समाश्रयन्ते। | Bees are taking shelter in the mango buds. |
सङ्कोचमञ्चति सरस्त्वयि दीनदीनो | O Lake! When you are shrinking (drying up), the miserable fish... |
मीनो नु हन्त कतमां गतिमभ्युपैतु॥ | Alas! Which path/refuge shall the fish take? |
Shloka 5: | |
एक एव खगो मानी वने वसति चातकः। | There is only one self-respecting bird living in the forest, the Chataka. |
पिपासितो वा म्रियते याचते वा पुरन्दरम्॥ | He either dies of thirst or asks (for water) only from Indra (the Rain God). |
Shloka 6: | |
आश्वास्य पर्वतकुलं तपनोष्णतप्त- | Having comforted the mountain ranges heated by the sun's heat. |
मुद्दामदावविधुराणि च काननानि। | And the forests distressed by high wildfires. |
नानानदीनदशतानि च पूरयित्वा | And having filled hundreds of various rivers and streams. |
रिक्तोऽसि यज्जलद! सैव तवोत्तमा श्रीः॥ | O Cloud! The fact that you are empty (after giving) is your greatest beauty/wealth. |
Shloka 7: | |
रे रे चातक! सावधानमनसा मित्र! क्षणं श्रूयता- | O friend Chataka! Listen for a moment with an attentive mind. |
मम्भोदा बहवो भवन्ति गगने सर्वेऽपि नैतादृशाः। | There are many clouds in the sky, but not all are alike. |
केचिद् वृष्टिभिरार्द्रयन्ति वसुधां गर्जन्ति केचिद् वृथा | Some wet the earth with rain, while some roar in vain. |
यं यं पश्यसि तस्य तस्य पुरतो मा ब्रूहि दीनं वचः॥ | Do not speak humble/pitiful words before everyone you see. |
3. Shloka Analysis
Shloka 1
एकेन राजहंसेन या शोभा सरसो भवेत्...
Anvaya: एकेन राजहंसेन सरसः या शोभा भवेत्, परितः तीरवासिना बकसहस्रेण सा (शोभा) न (भवति)।
English Meaning: The beauty/glory that a lake attains by a single Royal Swan is not attained by thousands of herons dwelling on its banks. (Quality is superior to quantity).
Shloka 3
तोयैरल्पैरपि करुणया भीमभानौ निदाघे...
Anvaya: हे मालाकार! भीमभानौ निदाघे (सति) अल्पैः अपि तोयैः भवता करुणया अस्य तरोः या पुष्टिः व्यरचि, सा (पुष्टिः) इह विश्वतः वारां धारासारान् अपि विकिरता प्रावृषेण्येन वारिदेन जनयितुम् शक्या किम्?
English Meaning: O Gardener! The nourishment you gave this tree with compassion using scarce water during the fierce summer sun—can that same nourishment be provided by the monsoon cloud pouring torrents of water everywhere? (Help given in times of need is far more valuable than abundant help when it is not needed).
Shloka 7
रे रे चातक! सावधानमनसा मित्र! क्षणं श्रूयताम्...
Anvaya: रे रे मित्र चातक! सावधानमनसा क्षणं श्रूयताम्। गगने हि बहवः अम्भोदाः (सन्ति), सर्वे अपि एतादृशाः न (सन्ति)। केचित् वृष्टिभिः वसुधां आर्द्रयन्ति, केचित् वृथा गर्जन्ति। (अतः त्वम्) यं यं पश्यसि तस्य तस्य पुरतः दीनं वचः मा ब्रूहि।
English Meaning: O friend Chataka! Listen carefully for a moment. There are many clouds in the sky, but they are not all the same. Some wet the earth with rain, others just thunder in vain. Therefore, do not plead for water before everyone you see. (Do not ask for help from everyone; not everyone is generous).
4. Word Meanings (Kathin Shabdarth)
राजहंसेन (Rajahansena) = By the Royal Swan
मृणालपटली (Mrinalapatali) = Bunch of lotus stalks
निदाघे (Nidaghe) = In summer
भीमभानौ (Bhimabhanau) = When the sun is fierce
वारिदेन (Varidena) = By the cloud
अम्बरपथम् (Ambarapatham) = Path of the sky (Sky)
भृङ्गाः (Bhringah) = Bees
पुरन्दरम् (Purandaram) = Indra (King of Gods)
अम्भोदाः (Ambhodah) = Clouds
आर्द्रयन्ति (Ardrayanti) = Wet / Drench
5. Competency-Based Assessment
A. Question Construction (Prashna Nirman)
Sentence | Question | Explanation |
मालाकारः तोयैः तरोः पुष्टिं करोति। | कः तोयैः तरोः पुष्टिं करोति? | Used 'Kah' for masculine singular subject. |
भृङ्गाः रसालमुकुलानि समाश्रयन्ते। | भृङ्गाः कानि समाश्रयन्ते? | Used 'Kani' for neuter plural object. |
पतङ्गाः अम्बरपथम् आपेदिरे। | पतङ्गाः कम् आपेदिरे? | Used 'Kam' for masculine/neuter accusative (Object). |
जलदः नानानदीनदशतानि पूरयित्वा रिक्तोऽस्ति। | जलदः कानि पूरयित्वा रिक्तोऽस्ति? | Used 'Kani' for neuter plural. |
चातकः वने वसति। | कः वने वसति? | Used 'Kah' for masculine singular. |
B. Bhashik Karyam (Linguistic Work)
Question: In the phrase "एकेन राजहंसेन", what is the Visheshan (Adjective)?
Answer: एकेन (Ekena)
Explanation: 'One' describes the noun 'Royal Swan'.
Question: In "पिपासितो वा म्रियते", what is the Kriya Padam (Verb)?
Answer: म्रियते (Mriyate)
Explanation: It indicates the action of dying.
Question: Write a synonym for "सूर्यः" from Shloka 3.
Answer: भानुः (Bhanuh)
Explanation: Used in the compound 'Bhimabhanau'.
Question: Write the antonym for "सार्थकम्" (Meaningful) from Shloka 7.
Answer: वृथा (Vritha)
Explanation: 'Vritha' means in vain/useless.
6. Subjective Q&A (Pathit Avabodhanam)
A. Ekpaden Uttarat (One Word Answers)
Q: कस्य शोभा एकेन राजहंसेन भवति? (Whose beauty is caused by one Royal Swan?)
Ans: सरसः (Of the lake).
Q: सरसः तीरे के वसन्ति? (Who live on the banks of the lake?)
Ans: बकसहस्रम् / बकाः (Thousands of herons).
Q: कः पिपासितः म्रियते? (Who dies thirsty?)
Ans: चातकः (The Chataka bird).
Q: के रसालमुकुलानि समाश्रयन्ते? (Who take shelter in mango buds?)
Ans: भृङ्गाः (Bees).
Q: अम्भोदाः कुत्र सन्ति? (Where are the clouds?)
Ans: गगने (In the sky).
B. Purnavakyen Uttarat (Full Sentence Answers)
Q: सरसः शोभा केन भवति? (How does the lake get its beauty?)
Ans: सरसः शोभा एकेन राजहंसेन भवति। (The lake's beauty is due to a single Royal Swan).
Q: चातकः किमर्थं मानी कथ्यते? (Why is the Chataka called self-respecting?)
Ans: चातकः मानी कथ्यते यतः सः एकः एव वने वसति, पिपासितः वा म्रियते अथवा पुरन्दरम् (इन्द्रम्) एव याचते। (Because he lives alone in the forest, dies of thirst, or asks only Indra for water).
Q: मीनः कदा दीनां गतिं प्राप्नोति? (When does the fish reach a miserable state?)
Ans: यदा सरः सङ्कोचम् अञ्चति (शुष्यति) तदा मीनः दीनां गतिं प्राप्नोति। (When the lake shrinks/dries up, the fish becomes miserable).
Q: कानि पूरयित्वा जलदः रिक्तः भवति? (Having filled what does the cloud become empty?)
Ans: जलदः नानानदीनदशतानि पूरयित्वा रिक्तः भवति। (Having filled hundreds of rivers and streams, the cloud becomes empty).
Q: वृष्टिभिः वसुधां के आर्द्रयन्ति? (Who wets the earth with rains?)
Ans: केचित् अम्भोदाः (मेघाः) वृष्टिभिः वसुधां आर्द्रयन्ति। (Some clouds wet the earth with rains).
7. Integrated Grammar (Vyakaran)
A. Sandhi (Joining/Splitting)
अन्य + उक्तयः = अन्योक्तयः (Guna Sandhi).
निपीतानि + अम्बूनि = निपीतान्यम्बूनि (Yan Sandhi).
कृत + उपकारः = कृतोपकारः (Guna Sandhi).
तपन + उष्ण + तप्तम् = तपनोष्णतप्तम् (Guna Sandhi).
पिपासितः + अपि = पिपासितोऽपि (Visarga - Utvam + Purvarupa).
कः + अपि = कोऽपि (Visarga - Utvam + Purvarupa).
रिक्तः + असि = रिक्तोऽसि (Visarga - Utvam + Purvarupa).
मीनः + नु = मीनो नु (Visarga - Utvam).
अल्पैः + अपि = अल्पैरपि (Visarga - Rutvam).
सरसः + भवेत् = सरसो भवेत् (Visarga - Utvam).
B. Samas (Compounds)
कृतोपकारः = कृतः उपकारः येन सः (Bahuvrihi) - One who has done a favor.
भीमभानौ = भीमः भानुः यस्मिन् सः, तस्मिन् (Bahuvrihi) - When the sun is fierce.
पीतपङ्कजम् = पीतं च तत् पङ्कजम् (Karmadharaya) - Yellow lotus.
राजहंसः = राजा च असौ हंसः (Karmadharaya) - Royal Swan.
अम्बरपथम् = अम्बरम् एव पन्थाः (Karmadharaya) - The path of sky.
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