15. परिशिष्टम् २ शब्दरूपाणि - Parishishtam 2: Shabdarupani - Class 8 - Deepakam

1. Chapter Overview

This section serves as a reference for important Noun, Pronoun, and Number forms (Shabdarupani). It covers irregular nouns, consonant-ending words, and numerals that are essential for sentence construction in Sanskrit.

2. Noun Forms (Shabdarupani)

A. Neuter Gender (Napumsakalinga)

These words end in vowels but follow specific patterns different from standard neuter words like 'Phalam'.

1. Dadhi (दधि) - Curd (Ikarantha Napumsakalinga)

• Unique Feature: Changes to 'Dadhna', 'Dadhne' in instrumental and dative cases.

• Prathama: दधि, दधिनी, दधीनि

• Shashti: दध्नः, दध्नोः, दध्नाम्

  
  

2. Vari (वारि) - Water (Ikarantha Napumsakalinga)

• Prathama: वारि, वारिणी, वारीणि

• Saptami: वारिणि, वारिणोः, वारिषु

  
  

3. Madhu (मधु) - Honey (Ukarantha Napumsakalinga)

• Prathama: मधु, मधुनी, मधूनि

• Tritiya: मधुना, मधुभ्याम्, मधुभिः

  
  

B. Consonant-Ending Masculine Nouns (Halanta Pullinga)

1. Marut (मरुत्) - Wind (Takarantha)

• Prathama: मरुत्, मरुतौ, मरुतः

• Tritiya: मरुता, मरुद्भ्याम्, मरुद्भिः

  
  

2. Rajan (राजन्) - King (Nakarantha)

• Prathama: राजा, राजानौ, राजानः

• Tritiya: राज्ञा, राजभ्याम्, राजभिः

• Note: The stem changes to 'Rajna' in singular instrumental onwards.

  
  

3. Atman (आत्मन्) - Soul/Self (Nakarantha)

• Prathama: आत्मा, आत्मानौ, आत्मानः

• Tritiya: आत्मना, आत्मभ्याम्, आत्मभिः

  
  

4. Vidvas (विद्वस्) - Scholar (Sakarantha)

• Prathama: विद्वान्, विद्वांसौ, विद्वांसः

• Tritiya: विदुषा, विद्वद्भ्याम्, विद्वद्भिः

  
  

3. Participle Forms (Shatru Pratyayanta)

These are used to indicate continuous action (e.g., "going").

• Masculine (Gacchat): गच्छन् (Singular), गच्छन्तौ (Dual), गच्छन्तः (Plural).

• Feminine (Gacchanti): गच्छन्ती (Singular), गच्छन्त्यौ (Dual), गच्छन्त्यः (Plural) [Like Nadi].

  
  

4. Pronoun Forms (Sarvanama)

1. Bhavat (भवत्) - You (Respectful)

• Masculine: भवान्, भवन्तौ, भवन्तः

• Feminine (Bhavati): भवती, भवत्यौ, भवत्यः (Like Nadi)

  
  

2. Yad (यद्) - Who/Which (Relative Pronoun)

• Masculine: यः, यौ, ये

• Feminine: या, ये, याः

• Neuter: यत्, ये, यानि

  
  

3. Idam (इदम्) - This

• Masculine: अयम्, इमौ, इमे

• Feminine: इयम्, इमे, इमाः

• Neuter: इदम्, इमे, इमानि

  
  

4. Kidrisha (कीदृश) - Of what kind?

• Functions like an adjective.

• Masc: कीदृशः, Fem: कीदृशी, Neut: कीदृशम्

  
  

5. Numeral Forms (Sankhyavachi)

Numbers 1 to 4 have different forms based on gender. Numbers 5 onwards generally have the same form for all genders.

1. Eka (One) - Always Singular

• Masc: एकः

• Fem: एका

• Neut: एकम्

  
  

2. Dvi (Two) - Always Dual

• Masc: द्वौ

• Fem: द्वे

• Neut: द्वे

  
  

3. Tri (Three) - Always Plural

• Masc: त्रयः (Trayah)

• Fem: तिस्रः (Tisrah)

• Neut: त्रीणि (Trini)

  
  

4. Chatur (Four) - Always Plural

• Masc: चत्वारः (Chatvarah)

• Fem: चतस्रः (Chatasrah)

• Neut: चत्वारि (Chatvari)

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