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    4. जननी तुल्यवत्सला - Janani Tulyavatsala - Class 10 - Shemushi 2

    • Jan 21
    • 6 min read

    Updated: Jan 23

    1. Chapter Summary (Paath Saar)


    English Summary: This poignant story is an excerpt from the 'Vanaparva' of the great epic Mahabharata, written by Maharishi Vedavyasa. It highlights the impartial yet protective love of a mother. A farmer was plowing his field with two bulls. One of the bulls was weak and collapsed on the ground, unable to carry the plow . Seeing her son's suffering, Surabhi (the Mother of Cows) began to shed tears in heaven .


    When Indra (King of Gods) asked her the reason for her sorrow, she explained that while a mother loves all her children equally, her heart naturally feels more compassion and pain for the weak and suffering child . Moved by her words, Indra caused a heavy rainstorm, stopping the farmer's work. The farmer, now unable to work due to the waterlogging, unyoked the bulls and took them home, giving relief to the weak bull .


    Moral (Sandesh): A mother's love is equal for all her offspring, but she holds a special, protective compassion for the one who is weak or in distress.


    2. Sentence-by-Sentence Translation (Anuvad)

    Sanskrit Text (Split Sandhis)

    English Translation

    कश्चित् कृषकः बलीवर्दाभ्यां क्षेत्रकर्षणं कुर्वन् आसीत्।

    A certain farmer was plowing the field with two bulls.


    तयोः बलीवर्दयोः एकः शरीरेण दुर्बलः जवेन गन्तुम् अशक्तः च आसीत्।

    Of those two bulls, one was weak in body and unable to walk with speed.


    अतः कृषकः तं दुर्बलं वृषभं तोदनेन नुदन् अवर्तत।

    Therefore, the farmer was driving that weak bull by prodding (torturing) him.


    सः ऋषभः हलम् ऊढ्वा गन्तुम् अशक्तः क्षेत्रे पपात।

    That bull, unable to carry the plow and walk, fell in the field.


    क्रुद्धः कृषीवलः तम् उत्थापयितुं बहुवारम् यत्नम् अकरोत्।

    The angry farmer made many efforts to raise him up.


    तथापि वृषः न उत्थितः।

    Still, the bull did not get up.


    भूमौ पतितं स्वपुत्रं दृष्ट्वा सर्वधेनूनां मातुः सुरभेः नेत्राभ्याम् अश्रूणि आविरासन्।

    Seeing her son fallen on the ground, tears appeared in the eyes of Surabhi, the mother of all cows .


    सुरभेः इमाम् अवस्थां दृष्ट्वा सुराधिपः ताम् अपृच्छत् -

    Seeing this condition of Surabhi, the King of Gods (Indra) asked her:


    "अयि शुभे! किम् एवं रोदिषि? उच्यताम्" इति।

    "O auspicious one! Why are you crying like this? Please tell."


    सा च (प्रत्यवोचत्)...

    And she replied...

    "भो वासव! पुत्रस्य दैन्यं दृष्ट्वा अहं रोदिमि।"

    "O Indra! I am crying seeing the misery of my son".


    "सः दीन इति जानन् अपि कृषकः तं बहुधा पीडयति।"

    "Even knowing he is weak, the farmer tortures him in many ways".


    "भद्रे! नूनम्। सहस्राधिकेषु पुत्रेषु सत्सु अपि तव अस्मिन् एव एतादृशं वात्सल्यं कथम्?"

    "O Good Lady! Indeed. Even though you have thousands of sons, why do you have such affection for this one only?"


    सुरभिवचनं श्रुत्वा भृशं विस्मितस्य आखण्डलस्य अपि हृदयम् अद्रवत्।

    Hearing Surabhi's words, the heart of the highly surprised Indra (Akhandala) also melted .


    स च ताम् एवम् असान्त्वयत् - "गच्छ वत्से! सर्वं भद्रं जायेत।"

    And he consoled her thus: "Go, dear child! May everything become good" .


    अचिरात् एव चण्डवातेन मेघरवैः च सह प्रवर्षः समजायत।

    Very soon, a heavy rain occurred along with fierce winds and the sound of clouds (thunder) .


    लोकानां पश्यताम् एव सर्वत्र जलोपप्लवः सञ्जातः।

    While the people were watching, waterlogging occurred everywhere .


    कृषकः हर्षातिरेकेण कर्षणविमुखः सन् वृषभौ नीत्वा गृहम् अगात्।

    The farmer, turning away from plowing due to excessive joy (at the rain), took the two bulls and went home.



    3. Shloka Analysis

    Shloka 1 (Page 33) विनिपातो न वः कश्चिद् दृश्यते त्रिदशाधिप !। अहं तु पुत्रं शोचामि, तेन रोदिमि कौशिक ! ॥

    • Anvaya: (हे) त्रिदशाधिप ! वः कश्चित् विनिपातः न दृश्यते (किम्)? (हे) कौशिक ! अहं तु पुत्रं शोचामि, तेन रोदिमि।

    • English Meaning: O King of Gods (Indra)! Do you not see any calamity of yours? O Kaushika (Indra)! I am mourning for my son, that is why I am crying.


    Shloka 2 (Page 33) यदि पुत्रसहस्रं मे वात्सल्यं सर्वत्र सममेव मे।

    दीने च तनये देव प्रकृत्याभ्यधिका कृपा ॥ 


    • Anvaya: मे यदि पुत्रसहस्रं (अस्ति), (तथापि) सर्वत्र मे वात्सल्यं समम् एव। (हे) देव ! दीने तनये च प्रकृत्या अभ्यधिका कृपा (भवति)।

    • English Meaning: Even if I have a thousand sons, my affection is equal everywhere. But, O Lord, on the son who is weak (distressed), there is naturally excessive compassion.


    Shloka 3 (Page 34) अपत्येषु च सर्वेषु जननी तुल्यवत्सला।

    पुत्रे दीने तु सा माता कृपार्द्रहृदया भवेत्॥ 


    • Anvaya: जननी सर्वेषु अपत्येषु च तुल्यवत्सला (भवति)। तु दीने पुत्रे सा माता कृपार्द्रहृदया भवेत्।

    • English Meaning: A mother is equally affectionate towards all her offspring. However, towards a weak (distressed) son, that mother becomes soft-hearted (full of compassion).


    4. Word Meanings (Kathin Shabdarth)

    1. बलीवर्दाभ्याम् (Balivardabhyam) = By two bulls


    2. जवेन (Javena) = With speed / Fast


    3. तोदनेन (Todanena) = By torturing / prodding


    4. कृषीवलः (Krishivalah) = Farmer


    5. सुराधिपः (Suradhipah) = King of Gods (Indra)


    6. वासवः (Vasavah) = Indra


    7. धुरम् (Dhuram) = Yoke (part of the plow on the neck)


    8. आखण्डलस्य (Akhandalasya) = Of Indra


    9. जलोपप्लवः (Jalopaplavah) = Flood / Waterlogging


    10. चण्डवातेन (Chandavatena) = With fierce wind


    5. Competency-Based Assessment

    A. Question Construction (Prashna Nirman)

    Sentence

    Question

    Explanation

    सः कृच्छ्रेण भारम् उद्वहति।

    सः केन/कथम् भारम् उद्वहति?

    Used 'Kena' (How/By what) because 'Krichchrena' is Instrumental case (Tritiya).


    सुराधिपः ताम् अपृच्छत्।

    कः ताम् अपृच्छत्?

    Used 'Kah' (Who) because 'Suradhipah' is Masculine Singular subject.


    अयम् अन्येभ्यो दुर्बलः।

    अयम् केभ्यः दुर्बलः?

    Used 'Kebhyah' (Than whom) because 'Anyebhyah' is Ablative Plural.


    धेनूनाम् माता सुरभिः आसीत्।

    कासाम् माता सुरभिः आसीत्?

    Used 'Kasam' (Whose) because 'Dhenunam' is Feminine Plural Genitive.


    सहस्राधिकेषु पुत्रेषु सत्स्वपि सा दुःखी।

    कतिषु/केषु पुत्रेषु सत्स्वपि सा दुःखी?

    Used 'Keshu' (In whom) or 'Katishu' (How many) for the number/adjective.



    B. Bhashik Karyam (Linguistic Work)

    1. Question: In the sentence "क्रुद्धः कृषीवलः तम् उत्थापयितुं यत्नमकरोत्", what is the Visheshan (Adjective)?

      • Answer: क्रुद्धः (Kruddhah)

      • Explanation: 'Kruddhah' (Angry) describes the noun 'Krishivalah' (Farmer) .


    2. Question: In the sentence "सः ऋषभः हलमूढ्वा गन्तुमशक्तः", what is the Kartri Padam (Subject)?

      • Answer: सः / ऋषभः (Sah / Rishabhah)

      • Explanation: The bull is the one performing the action of falling/being unable.


    3. Question: Write a synonym for "इन्द्रः" from the passage.

      • Answer: वासवः / कौशिकः / सुराधिपः / आखण्डलः

      • Explanation: All these names are used for Indra in the text.


    4. Question: Write the antonym for "उत्थितः" (Got up) from the sentence "तथापि वृषः नोत्थितः".

      • Answer: पतितः (Patitah)

      • Explanation: The text contrasts rising with falling (Papat) .


    6. Subjective Q&A (Pathit Avabodhanam)

    A. Ekpaden Uttarat (One Word Answers)

    • Q: वृषभः दीनः इति जानन्नपि कः तं नुदन् आसीत्? (Knowing the bull was weak, who was driving him?)

      • Ans: कृषकः (The farmer).


    • Q: वृषभः कुत्र पपात? (Where did the bull fall?)

      • Ans: क्षेत्रे (In the field).


    • Q: दुर्बले सुते कस्याः अधिका कृपा भवति? (Whose compassion is greater for the weak son?)

      • Ans: मातुः (Mother's).


    • Q: कयोः एकः शरीरेण दुर्बलः आसीत्? (One of which two was weak in body?)

      • Ans: बलीवर्दयोः (Of the two bulls).


    B. Purnavakyen Uttarat (Full Sentence Answers)

    • Q: माता सुरभिः किमर्थम् अश्रूणि मुञ्चति स्म? (Why was Mother Surabhi shedding tears?)

      • Ans: भूमौ पतितं स्वपुत्रं दृष्ट्वा माता सुरभिः अश्रूणि मुञ्चति स्म। (Seeing her son fallen on the ground, Mother Surabhi was shedding tears.)


    • Q: सुरभिः इन्द्रस्य प्रश्नस्य किमुत्तरं ददाति? (What answer does Surabhi give to Indra's question?)

      • Ans: सुरभिः वदति यत् यद्यपि तस्याः सहस्राधिकेषु पुत्रेषु सत्स्वपि, दीने पुत्रे तस्याः अभ्यधिका कृपा भवति। (Surabhi says that although she has thousands of sons, her compassion is excessive for the weak son.)


    • Q: इन्द्रः दुर्बलवृषभस्य कष्टानि अपाकर्तुं किं कृतवान्? (What did Indra do to remove the suffering of the weak bull?)

      • Ans: इन्द्रः दुर्बलवृषभस्य कष्टानि अपाकर्तुं प्रवर्षः कृतवान्। (Indra created heavy rain to remove the suffering of the weak bull.)


    7. Integrated Grammar (Vyakaran)

    A. Sandhi (Joining/Splitting)

    1. कुर्वन्नासीत् = कुर्वन् + आसीत् (Vyanjan Sandhi)

      • Rule: 'n' doubles when preceded by a short vowel and followed by a vowel.


    2. नोत्थितः = न + उत्थितः (Guna Sandhi)

      • Rule: a + u = o.


    3. तयोरेकः = तयोः + एकः (Visarga Sandhi - Rutvam)

      • Rule: Visarga becomes 'r' before a vowel.


    B. Samas (Compounds)

    1. कृपार्द्रहृदया = कृपया आर्द्रं हृदयं यस्याः सा (Bahuvrihi Samas)

      • Meaning: One whose heart is wet with compassion.

    2. जलोपप्लवः = जलस्य उपप्लवः (Shashti Tatpurusha)

      • Meaning: Disaster of water (Flood).

    3. सुराधिपः = सुराणाम् अधिपः (Shashti Tatpurusha)

      • Meaning: Lord of Gods.


    C. Pratyaya (Suffixes)

    1. गन्तुम् = गम् + तुमुन् (Tumun)

      • Rule: Indicates purpose ("to go").

    2. पतितम् = पत् + क्त (Kta)

      • Rule: Past participle ("fallen").

    3. जानन् = ज्ञा + शतृ (Shatri)

      • Rule: Present continuous participle ("knowing").


    8. Event Sequencing (Ghatnakram)

    Jumbled Sentences:

    1. सुरभिवचनं श्रुत्वा इन्द्रस्य हृदयम् अद्रवत्।

    2. एकः वृषभः हलं वोढुं असमर्थः भूमौ पपात।

    3. कृषकः बलीवर्दाभ्यां क्षेत्रकर्षणं कुर्वन् आसीत्।

    4. मेघ रवैः सह प्रवर्षः समजायत।

    5. माता सुरभिः अश्रूणि अमुञ्चत्।

    6. कृषकः वृषभौ नीत्वा गृहम् अगात्।


    Correct Order:

    1. कृषकः बलीवर्दाभ्यां क्षेत्रकर्षणं कुर्वन् आसीत्। (Farmer was plowing...)

    2. एकः वृषभः हलं वोढुं असमर्थः भूमौ पपात। (One bull fell...)

    3. माता सुरभिः अश्रूणि अमुञ्चत्। (Mother Surabhi cried...)

    4. सुरभिवचनं श्रुत्वा इन्द्रस्य हृदयम् अद्रवत्। (Indra's heart melted...)

    5. मेघ रवैः सह प्रवर्षः समजायत। (Heavy rain started...)

    6. कृषकः वृषभौ नीत्वा गृहम् अगात्। (Farmer took bulls home...)


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