11. सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः - ख-भागः - Sannimitte Varam Tyagah - Class 8 - Deepakam
- Jan 31
- 6 min read
Updated: Feb 4
1. Chapter Summary (Paath Saar)
English Summary: This chapter concludes the story of Viravara and King Shudraka. After the goddess Rajalakshmi tells Viravara that the King can be saved only by the sacrifice of Viravara's son, Viravara returns home and wakes up his wife and son, Shaktidhara. He explains the situation to them.
Remarkably, the young son, Shaktidhara, expresses immense joy, stating that his life would be meaningful if sacrificed for the King's protection. He recites a verse saying that wealth and life should be given up for a noble cause. His mother, Vedarata, also supports the decision, showing incredible fortitude.
They all go to the temple of Goddess Sarvamangala. Viravara prays for the King's life and beheads his son. Then, feeling life is pointless without his son, he prepares to behead himself. The Goddess appears, stops him, and grants a boon. Viravara asks for the restoration of the King's life. The Goddess grants it. Then, seeing his devotion, she also restores his son to life.
Unaware that the King has witnessed everything secretly, Viravara returns to his post. In the morning, when asked, he simply says, "The weeping woman has left," hiding his great sacrifice. The King, overwhelmed by Viravara's humility and loyalty, abdicates the throne and gives the kingdom of Karnataka to him.
Moral (Sandesh): True heroes do not boast of their sacrifices. One should be ready to sacrifice personal happiness for a greater good ("San-nimitte varam tyagah").
2. Sentence-by-Sentence Translation (Anuvad)
Sanskrit Text (Split Sandhis) | English Translation |
वीरवरः गृहं गत्वा पत्नीं निद्रापरवशां सुतञ्च प्रबोधितवान्। | Viravara went home and woke up his wife, who was deep in sleep, and his son. |
तौ प्रबुद्धौ शयनादुत्थितौ। | Both woke up and got up from the bed. |
वीरवरः सर्वं वृत्तान्तं निवेदितवान्। | Viravara narrated the entire incident. |
तत् श्रुत्वा सानन्दं पुत्रः शक्तिधरः उवाच- | Hearing that, the son Shaktidhara said with joy- |
"धन्योऽहमद्य यस्य ईदृशे स्वामिरक्षार्थे विनियोगः भविष्यति।" | "I am fortunate today that I (my life) will be used for the protection of such a master." |
"धनानि जीवितञ्चैव परार्थे प्राज्ञ उत्सृजेत्।" | "A wise person should give up wealth and life for the sake of others." |
ततो वीरवरस्य पत्नी वेदरताऽपि उवाच- | Then Viravara's wife Vedarata also said- |
"आर्यपुत्र! उचितमेव उक्तं पुत्रेण। एष एव अस्माकं कुलधर्मः।" | "O Noble Son (Husband)! The son has spoken correctly. This indeed is our family duty." |
अथ सर्वे सर्वमङ्गलायाः आयतनं गताः। | Then everyone went to the temple of Goddess Sarvamangala. |
तत्र वीरवरः - "देवि! प्रसीद। मदीयेन पुत्रबलिदानेन शूद्रकस्य रक्षणं कुरु" | There, Viravara said - "O Goddess! Be pleased. Protect King Shudraka by the sacrifice of my son." |
इति उक्त्वा खड्गेन पुत्रस्य शिरः चिच्छेद। | Saying this, he cut off his son's head with the sword. |
ततः वीरवरः चिन्तयामास - "निष्पुत्रेण मया न जीवितेन कार्यम्" इति। | Then Viravara thought - "There is no use of life for me without a son." |
आत्मनः शिरश्चेत्तुं खड्गम् उत्थापितवान्। | He raised the sword to cut off his own head. |
ततः प्रत्यक्षभूता देवी सर्वमङ्गला तं हस्तं धृत्वा उवाच- | Then Goddess Sarvamangala, appearing in person, held his hand and said- |
"पुत्र! प्रसन्नाऽस्मि। वरं वृणीष्व" इति। | "Son! I am pleased. Ask for a boon." |
वीरवरः साष्टाङ्गं प्रणम्य उवाच - "देवि! यदि प्रसन्नाऽसि तर्हि राजा शूद्रकः वर्षशतं जीतु।" | Viravara bowed down fully and said - "Goddess! If you are pleased, let King Shudraka live for a hundred years." |
देवी - "एवमस्तु" इति उक्त्वा अन्तर्हिता। | The Goddess said - "So be it," and disappeared. |
वीरवरः गृहं गत्वा... पुनः राजद्वारे स्थितः। | Viravara went home... and again stood at the royal gate. |
राजा शूद्रकः सर्वम् एतत् प्रत्यक्षीकृत्य विस्मितः अभवत्। | King Shudraka, having witnessed all this directly, was astonished. |
प्रातः राजा पृष्टवान् - "वीरवर! सा रुदती नारी क्व गता?" | In the morning, the King asked - "Viravara! Where did that crying woman go?" |
वीरवरः उवाच - "सा न ज्ञायते क्व गता इति।" | Viravara said - "It is not known where she went." |
राजा विचारितवान् - "अयं श्लाघ्यः सत्त्ववरः स्वस्य महत् कर्म न प्रकाशयति।" | The King thought - "This praiseworthy noble soul does not reveal his own great deed." |
ततः सः आत्मीयं राज्यं तस्मै दत्त्वा कर्णाटकदेशं गतः। | Then he gave his own kingdom to him and went to the Karnataka region. |
3. Shloka Analysis
Shloka 1 (Spoken by Shaktidhara) धनानि जीवितञ्चैव परार्थे प्राज्ञ उत्सृजेत्। सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागो विनाशे नियते सति॥
Anvaya: प्राज्ञः धनानि जीवितं च एव परार्थे उत्सृजेत्। विनाशे नियते सति सन्निमित्ते त्यागः वरम् (भवति)।
English Meaning: A wise man should give up his wealth and even his life for the sake of others. Since death (destruction) is inevitable, it is better to sacrifice it for a good cause (Sat-nimitte).
Shloka 2 (Spoken by King Shudraka to himself) जायन्ते च म्रियन्ते च मादृशाः क्षुद्रजन्तवः। अनेन सदृशो लोके न भूतो न भविष्यति॥
Anvaya: मादृशाः क्षुद्रजन्तवः जायन्ते म्रियन्ते च। (परन्तु) अनेन (वीरवरेण) सदृशः लोके न भूतः न (च) भविष्यति।
English Meaning: Insignificant creatures like me are born and die (in large numbers). But in this world, there has never been, nor will there be, anyone equal to him (Viravara).
4. Word Meanings (Kathin Shabdarth)
निद्रापरवशाम् (Nidraparavasham) = Overpowered by sleep (निद्रया युक्ताम्)
विनियोगः (Viniyogah) = Use / Application (उपयोगः)
उत्सृजेत् (Utsrijet) = Should sacrifice / Give up (त्यजेत्)
आयतनम् (Ayatanam) = Temple / Abode (मन्दिरम्)
चिच्छेद (Chiccheda) = Cut off (छिन्नं चकार)
निष्पुत्रेण (Nishputrena) = Being without a son (पुत्रहीनेन)
चेत्तुम् (Chettum) = To cut (कर्तयितुम्)
प्रत्यक्षभूता (Pratyakshabhuta) = Appeared in person (साक्षात् प्रकटिता)
अन्तर्हिता (Antarhita) = Disappeared (अदृश्या जाता)
श्लाघ्यः (Shlaghyah) = Praiseworthy (प्रशंसनीयः)
5. Competency-Based Assessment
A. Question Construction (Prashna Nirman)
Sentence | Question | Explanation |
वीरवरः खड्गेन शिरः चिच्छेद। | कः खड्गेन शिरः चिच्छेद? | Used 'Kah' for Masculine Singular subject. |
सः खड्गेन आत्मनः शिरः कर्तयितुं उद्यतः। | सः केन आत्मनः शिरः कर्तयितुं उद्यतः? | Used 'Kena' for Instrumental Singular (By what). |
राजा कर्णाटकदेशं गतः। | राजा कुत्र गतः? | Used 'Kutra' (Where) for destination. |
विनाशे नियते सति त्यागः वरम्। | कस्मिन्/कदा नियते सति त्यागः वरम्? | Used 'Kasmin' (In what situation). |
सः देवीं प्रणम्य वरं याचते। | सः काम् प्रणम्य वरं याचते? | Used 'Kam' for Feminine Accusative object. |
B. Bhashik Karyam (Linguistic Work)
Question: In "अयं श्लाघ्यः सत्त्ववरः", what is the Visheshan (Adjective)?
Answer: श्लाघ्यः (Shlaghyah)
Explanation: It describes the noun 'Sattvavarah' (Noble soul).
Question: In "राजा विस्मितः अभवत्", what is the Kriya Padam (Verb)?
Answer: अभवत् (Abhavat)
Explanation: It denotes the action of becoming.
Question: Write the synonym for "मन्दिरम्" from the text.
Answer: आयतनम् (Ayatanam)
Explanation: Used in 'Sarvamangalaya ayatanam'.
Question: Write the antonym for "जीवितम्" (Life) implied in the text.
Answer: मरणम् / विनाशः (Death/Destruction).
Explanation: The text contrasts 'Jivitam' with 'Vinashe' (in the shloka).
6. Subjective Q&A (Pathit Avabodhanam)
A. Ekpaden Uttarat (One Word Answers)
Q: वीरवरः कस्याः मन्दिरं गतः? (To whose temple did Viravara go?)
Ans: सर्वमङ्गलायाः (Of Sarvamangala).
Q: कः स्वपुत्रस्य शिरः चिच्छेद? (Who cut off his own son's head?)
Ans: वीरवरः (Viravara).
Q: वीरवरः देव्याः किं वरं याचते? (What boon did Viravara ask from the Goddess?)
Ans: राज्ञः जीवनम् (The King's life).
Q: राजा वीरवराय किं दत्तवान्? (What did the King give to Viravara?)
Ans: राज्यम् / कर्णाटकदेशम् (Kingdom / Region of Karnataka).
B. Purnavakyen Uttarat (Full Sentence Answers)
Q: शक्तिधरः सानन्दं किं वदति? (What does Shaktidhara say joyfully?)
Ans: शक्तिधरः वदति - "धन्योऽहमद्य यस्य ईदृशे स्वामिरक्षार्थे विनियोगः भविष्यति।" (Shaktidhara says: I am fortunate today that I will be used for the protection of such a master).
Q: वीरवरः आत्मनः शिरः किमर्थं कर्तयितुं उद्यतः अभवत्? (Why did Viravara become ready to cut off his own head?)
Ans: वीरवरः अचिन्तयत् यत् 'निष्पुत्रेण मया न जीवितेन कार्यम्', अतः सः आत्मनः शिरः कर्तयितुं उद्यतः अभवत्। (He thought that life is useless without a son, so he prepared to sacrifice himself).
Q: राजा शूद्रकः वीरवरस्य विषये किं विचारितवान्? (What did King Shudraka think about Viravara?)
Ans: राजा विचारितवान् यत् "अयं श्लाघ्यः सत्त्ववरः स्वस्य महत् कर्म न प्रकाशयति।" (The King thought: This praiseworthy noble soul does not reveal his own great deed).
7. Integrated Grammar (Vyakaran)
A. Sandhi (Joining/Splitting)
धन्योऽहम् = धन्यः + अहम् (Visarga - Utvam + Purvarupa).
जीवितञ्चैव = जीवितम् + च + एव (Vyanjan + Vriddhi).
नास्ति = न + अस्ति (Dirgha Sandhi).
प्रसन्नाऽस्मि = प्रसन्ना + अस्मि (Dirgha Sandhi).
एवमस्तु = एवम् + अस्तु (Vyanjan/Samyoga).
B. Pratyaya (Suffixes)
गत्वा = गम् + क्त्वा (Having gone).
उक्त्वा = वच् + क्त्वा (Having said).
श्रुत्वा = श्रु + क्त्वा (Having heard).
चेत्तुम् = छिद् + तुमुन् (To cut).
प्रणम्य = प्र + नम् + ल्यप् (Having bowed).
विस्मितः = वि + स्मि + क्त (Astonished).
C. Upsarg (Prefixes)
प्रबोधितवान् = प्र + बोधितवान् (Woke up).
विनियोगः = वि + नियोगः (Use/Sacrifice).
उत्सृजेत् = उद् + सृजेत् (Should sacrifice).
प्रत्यक्ष = प्रति + अक्ष (Before eyes).
अन्तर्हिता = अन्तर् + हिता (Disappeared).
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