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    2. अल्पानामपि वस्तूनां संहतिः कार्यसाधिका - Alpanamapi Vastunam Samhati Karyasadhika - Class 8 - Deepakam

    • 22 hours ago
    • 7 min read

    1. Chapter Summary (Paath Saar)


    English Summary: This chapter is an excerpt from the "Mitralabha" (Gaining of Friends) section of the famous text "Hitopadesha", written by Pandit Narayana Sharma. The narrative begins with a modern setting where students get stuck in a natural disaster (landslide and broken bridge) while visiting Kedarnath. Their leader, Sudhir, motivates them by narrating an ancient story to instill confidence and unity.

    The story told by Sudhir is about Chitragriva, the king of pigeons. One day, while flying with his flock, they spot rice grains scattered on the ground. Despite Chitragriva's warning that food in a desolate forest is suspicious, the greedy pigeons land and get trapped in a hunter's net. Realizing their mistake, they panic. However, Chitragriva advises them not to lose hope but to act unitedly. He instructs all pigeons to fly up together carrying the net. They succeed in doing so, leaving the hunter astonished. They fly to Chitragriva's friend, Hiranyaka, the king of mice, who cuts the net with his sharp teeth and frees them.


    Moral (Sandesh): Unity is strength. Even small and weak individuals can accomplish great tasks and overcome huge dangers if they work together in unity. (Sanghe Shakti Kalau Yuge).


    2. Sentence-by-Sentence Translation (Anuvad)

    Sanskrit Text (Split Sandhis)

    English Translation

    अस्ति गोदावरीतीरे एको विशालः शाल्मलीतरुः।

    There is a huge Silk-cotton tree on the banks of the Godavari.

    तत्र प्रतिदिनं दूरदेशात् पक्षिणः आगत्य निवसन्ति स्म।

    Birds from distant lands used to come and live there every day.

    अथ कदाचित् तत्र कश्चिद् व्याधः तण्डुलकणान् विकीर्य जालं विस्तीर्य च प्रच्छन्नो भूत्वा स्थितः।

    Once, a hunter came there, scattered rice grains, spread a net, and stood hiding.

    तस्मिन्नेव काले चित्रग्रीवनामा कपोतराजः सपरिवारः आकाशमार्गे गच्छति स्म।

    At that very time, the king of pigeons named Chitragriva was flying in the sky with his family.

    केचन कपोताः वनमध्ये तण्डुलकणान् अवलोक्य लोभाकृष्टाः अभवन्।

    Some pigeons, seeing the rice grains in the middle of the forest, became attracted by greed.

    चित्रग्रीवः अवदत् – "कुतोऽत्र निर्जने वने तण्डुलकणानां सम्भवः?"

    Chitragriva said - "How is the presence of rice grains possible here in this desolate forest?"

    "तद् निरूप्यताम्। कश्चिद् व्याधोऽत्र भवेत्। सर्वथा अविचारितं कर्म न कर्तव्यम्।"

    "So investigate it. Some hunter might be here. Thoughtless action should never be done."

    कश्चित् कपोतः सदर्पम् अवदत् – "आः किमर्थम् एवमुच्यते?"

    One pigeon said arrogantly - "Ah! Why is it said so?"

    "वृद्धानां वचनं ग्राह्यमापत्काले ह्युपस्थिते। सर्वत्रैवं विचारे तु भोजनेऽप्यप्रवर्तनम्॥"

    "Elders' advice should be accepted when calamity is present. But if we think like this everywhere, we won't even be able to eat."

    सर्वे कपोताः भूमौ अवतीर्य तण्डुलकणान् भोक्तुं प्रवृत्ताः।

    All pigeons landed on the ground and started eating the rice grains.

    अनन्तरं ते सर्वे तेन जालेन बद्धाः अभवन्।

    Afterwards, they all got trapped by that net.

    चित्रग्रीवः अवदत् – "अयं अस्य दोषो न। अनागतविपत्तिं को वा ज्ञातुं समर्थः।"

    Chitragriva said - "This is not his fault. Who is capable of knowing the coming danger?"

    "अतोऽधुना अस्माभिः धैर्यमवलम्ब्य प्रतीकारश्चिन्त्यताम्।"

    "So now, let us hold patience and think of a remedy."

    "अस्माभिः सर्वैः एकचित्तीभूय जालमादाय उड्डीयताम्।"

    "Let us all become of one mind (united) and fly up taking the net."

    एवं विचार्य सर्वे पक्षिणः जालमादाय उत्पतिताः।

    Thinking thus, all the birds flew up taking the net.

    स व्याधः... पश्चात् अधावत् परं... निवृत्तः।

    That hunter ran behind... but returned (disappointed).

    चित्रग्रीव उवाच – "अस्माकं मित्रं हिरण्यको नाम मूषकराजः गण्डकीतीरे चित्रवने निवसति।"

    Chitragriva said - "Our friend, the king of mice named Hiranyaka, lives in the Chitra forest on the banks of Gandaki."

    "सोऽस्माकं पाशान् दन्तबलेन छेत्स्यति।"

    "He will cut our bonds with the strength of his teeth."

    हिरण्यकः प्रहृष्टमनाः... अब्रवीत् – "साधु मित्र ! साधु।"

    Hiranyaka, with a happy mind... said - "Well done friend! Well done."

    ततो हिरण्यकः स्वमित्रैः सह सर्वेषां कपोतानां बन्धनानि छिनत्ति स्म।

    Then Hiranyaka, with his friends, cut the bonds of all the pigeons.

    3. Shloka Analysis

    Shloka 1 (Spoken by Arrogant Pigeon) वृद्धानां वचनं ग्राह्यमापत्काले ह्युपस्थिते। सर्वत्रैवं विचारे तु भोजनेऽप्यप्रवर्तनम्॥

    • Anvaya: आपत्काले उपस्थिते हि वृद्धानां वचनं ग्राह्यम् (अस्ति)। तु (यदि) सर्वत्र एवं विचारे (क्रियते), (तर्हि) भोजने अपि अप्रवर्तनम् (स्यात्)।

    • English Meaning: The advice of the elderly should indeed be accepted when danger is imminent. But if one calculates/thinks like this in everything, one would not even proceed to eat (due to fear).


    Shloka 2 (Spoken by Chitragriva - The Definition of Great Men) विपदि धैर्यमथाभ्युदये क्षमा सदसि वाक्पटुता युधि विक्रमः। यशसि चाभिरुचिर्व्यसनं श्रुतौ प्रकृतिसिद्धमिदं हि महात्मनाम्॥

    • Anvaya: विपदि धैर्यम्, अथ अभ्युदये क्षमा, सदसि वाक्पटुता, युधि विक्रमः, यशसि अभिरुचिः, श्रुतौ व्यसनं च, इदं हि महात्मनां प्रकृतिसिद्धम् (अस्ति).

    • English Meaning: Patience in adversity, forgiveness in prosperity, eloquence in the assembly, valor in battle, desire for fame, and addiction to learning (scriptures)—these virtues are naturally inherent in great souls .


    Shloka 3 (Title Verse) अल्पानामपि वस्तूनां संहतिः कार्यसाधिका। तृणैर्गुणत्वमापन्नैर्बध्यन्ते मत्तदन्तिनः॥

    • Anvaya: अल्पानाम् अपि वस्तूनां संहतिः कार्यसाधिका (भवति)। गुणत्वम् आपन्नैः तृणैः मत्तदन्तिनः बध्यन्ते।

    • English Meaning: The combination (unity) of even small things accomplishes great tasks. Just as blades of grass, when twisted into a rope, can bind even intoxicated elephants .


    4. Word Meanings (Kathin Shabdarth)

    1. संहतिः (Samhatih) = Unity / Organization (संघटनम्/ऐक्यम्)

    2. कार्यसाधिका (Karyasadhika) = Accomplisher of task (कार्यं साधयति या सा)

    3. शाल्मलीतरुः (Shalmalitaruh) = Silk-cotton tree

    4. व्याधः (Vyadhah) = Hunter (लुब्धकः)

    5. विकीर्य (Vikirya) = Scattering (विक्षिप्य)

    6. प्रच्छन्नः (Pracchannah) = Hidden (गुप्तः)

    7. कपोतराजः (Kapotarajah) = King of pigeons (कपोतानां राजा)

    8. निर्जने (Nirjane) = Desolate / Uninhabited (जनरहिते)

    9. सदर्पम् (Sadarpam) = Arrogantly (गर्वेण सह)

    10. कापुरुषलक्षणम् (Kapurushalakshanam) = Sign of a coward

    11. विपदि (Vipadi) = In adversity (संकटे)

    12. अभ्युदये (Abhyudaye) = In prosperity / Rise (उन्नतौ)


    5. Competency-Based Assessment

    A. Question Construction (Prashna Nirman)

    Sentence

    Question

    Explanation

    व्याधः जालं विस्तीर्य स्थितः।

    कः जालं विस्तीर्य स्थितः?

    Used 'Kah' because 'Vyadhah' is Masculine Singular.

    कपोताः जालेन बद्धाः अभवन्।

    कपोताः केन बद्धाः अभवन्?

    Used 'Kena' for Instrumental Singular.

    वृद्धानां वचनं ग्राह्यम्।

    केषाम् वचनं ग्राह्यम्?

    Used 'Kesham' for Masculine Genitive Plural.

    हिरण्यकः चित्रवने निवसति।

    हिरण्यकः कुत्र / कस्मिन् निवसति?

    Used 'Kutra' (Where) for location.

    विपदि धैर्यम् अवलम्बनीयम्।

    कदा / कस्मिन् धैर्यम् अवलम्बनीयम्?

    Used 'Kada' (When) or 'Kasmin' (In what).

    B. Bhashik Karyam (Linguistic Work)

    1. Question: In "लघूनाम् अपि वस्तूनां संहतिः", identify the Visheshan (Adjective).

      • Answer: लघूनाम् (Small).

      • Explanation: It describes the noun 'Vastunam' (Things).


    2. Question: In "सर्वे पक्षिणः जालं आदाय उत्पतिताः", what is the Kriya Padam (Verb)?

      • Answer: उत्पतिताः (Flew up).

      • Explanation: It is the past participle acting as the main verb.


    3. Question: Write the synonym for "विपत्तिः" from the text (Shloka 2).

      • Answer: विपदि / आपद् (Adversity).

      • Explanation: Both refer to difficult times.


    4. Question: Write the antonym for "विस्तृतम्" (Spread/Open) implied in the context of the net being folded/taken.

      • Answer: संक्षिप्तम् (Though not directly in text, 'Samhati' implies bringing together, opposite of scattering).

      • Better text-based antonym: अनागतम् (Not come) vs उपस्थितम् (Present).


    6. Subjective Q&A (Pathit Avabodhanam)

    A. Ekpaden Uttarat (One Word Answers)

    • Q: कपोतराजस्य नाम किम्? (What is the name of the king of pigeons?)

      • Ans: चित्रग्रीवः (Chitragriva).


    • Q: व्याधः कान् विकीर्य जालं प्रसारितवान्? (Scattering what did the hunter spread the net?)

      • Ans: तण्डुलकणान् (Rice grains).


    • Q: विपत्काले विस्मयः कस्य लक्षणम्? (Amazement/Panic in danger is the sign of whom?)

      • Ans: कापुरुषस्य (Of a coward).


    • Q: चित्रग्रीवस्य मित्रं कः आसीत्? (Who was Chitragriva's friend?)

      • Ans: हिरण्यकः / मूषकराजः (Hiranyaka / King of mice).


    B. Purnavakyen Uttarat (Full Sentence Answers)

    • Q: निर्जने वने तण्डुलकणान् दृष्ट्वा चित्रग्रीवः किं निरूपयति? (Seeing rice grains in the desolate forest, what does Chitragriva observe?)

      • Ans: चित्रग्रीवः अवदत् यत् "अत्र निर्जने वने तण्डुलकणानां सम्भवः कुतः? तद् निरूप्यताम्। कश्चिद् व्याधोऽत्र भवेत्।" (He said: How can there be rice in a desolate forest? Investigate. A hunter must be here) .


    • Q: कपोताः कथं आत्मरक्षणं कृतवन्तः? (How did the pigeons protect themselves?)

      • Ans: कपोताः एकचित्तीभूय (संहताः भूत्वा) जालं आदाय उड्डीय आत्मरक्षणं कृतवन्तः। (Pigeons became united, flew up with the net, and protected themselves).


    • Q: अल्पानां वस्तूनां संहतिः कीदृशी भवति? (How is the unity of small things?)

      • Ans: अल्पानां वस्तूनां संहतिः कार्यसाधिका भवति। (Unity of small things is the accomplisher of tasks).


    7. Integrated Grammar (Vyakaran)

    A. Lyap Pratyaya (Absolutive)

    When a root has a prefix (Upsarg), Ktva (क्त्वा) is replaced by Lyap (ल्यप्).


    • Structure: Prefix + Root + Lyap (ya)

    • Examples from Text:

      1. विकीर्य = वि + कृ + ल्यप् (Having scattered).

      2. विस्तीर्य = वि + स्तृ + ल्यप् (Having spread).

      3. अवलोक्य = अव + लोक् + ल्यप् (Having seen).

      4. अवलम्ब्य = अव + लम्ब् + ल्यप् (Having depended/held).

      5. आदाय = आ + दा + ल्यप् (Having taken).

      6. विहाय = वि + हा + ल्यप् (Having left).

      7. सम्भूय = सम् + भू + ल्यप् (Having become united).


    B. Sandhi (Joining/Splitting)

    1. कश्चित् = कः + चित् (Visarga - Schutva: s -> sh).

    2. व्याधस्तत्र = व्याधः + तत्र (Visarga - Satva: h -> s).

    3. सर्वेऽपि = सर्वे + अपि (Purvarupa: 'a' becomes Avagraha).

    4. सोऽस्माकम् = सः + अस्माकम् (Visarga - Utvam + Purvarupa).

    5. कुतोऽत्र = कुतः + अत्र (Visarga - Utvam + Purvarupa).

    6. नमस्ते = नमः + ते (Visarga - Satva).


    C. Samas (Compounds)

    1. गण्डकीतीरे = गण्डक्याः तीरे (Shashti Tatpurusha) - On the bank of Gandaki.

    2. जालापहारकान् = जालस्य अपहारकान् (Shashti Tatpurusha) - Those who steal/take the net.

    3. हतसारथिः = हतः सारथिः यस्य सः (Bahuvrihi) - One whose charioteer is killed.

    4. कापुरुषलक्षणम् = कुत्सितः पुरुषः कापुरुषः (Karmadharaya), तस्य लक्षणम् (Shashti Tatpurusha).



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