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    3. सुभाषितरसं पीत्वा जीवनं सफलं कुरु - Subhashitarasam Pitva Jivanam Safalam Kuru - Class 8 - Deepakam

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    1. Chapter Summary (Paath Saar)


    English Summary:

    This chapter is a collection of ethical verses (Subhashitas) that guide humans toward a successful and meaningful life. The chapter begins with a dialogue where a grandmother explains to her granddaughter that "Subhashitas" are beautiful, well-spoken words that always aim for the welfare of people. Reading them inspires ideal human behavior and provides solutions for life's challenges.

    The selected verses cover various aspects of life:

    1. Altruism: Rivers and trees exist for others, just as noble people live for benevolence.

    2. Virtue's Nature: Virtues remain virtues only among those who appreciate them; in bad company, they turn into faults.

    3. Consequences of Vices: Greed destroys fame, bad habits destroy friendship, and a bad king destroys the kingdom.

    4. Equanimity: Great people remain the same in both happiness and sorrow, just as the sun is red at both sunrise and sunset.

    5. Avoiding Evil: One should avoid a wicked person even if they are educated (like a snake with a jewel).

    6. Proactiveness: Solutions to problems should be thought of beforehand, not after the calamity strikes.


    Moral (Sandesh):

    We should cultivate virtues, avoid bad company, remain balanced in all situations, and be proactive in solving problems to lead a successful life.


    2. Shloka Translation (Anuvad)

    Sanskrit Text (Split Sandhis)

    English Translation

    पिबन्ति नद्यः स्वयमेव नाम्भः

    Rivers do not drink their own water themselves.

    स्वयं न खादन्ति फलानि वृक्षाः।

    Trees do not eat their own fruits themselves.

    नादन्ति सस्यं खलु वारिवाहाः

    Clouds indeed do not eat the crops (they help grow).

    परोपकाराय सतां विभूतयः॥ १॥

    The resources/wealth of noble people are meant for helping others.

    गुणा गुणज्ञेषु गुणा भवन्ति

    Virtues remain virtues among those who appreciate them.

    ते निर्गुणं प्राप्य भवन्ति दोषाः।

    Upon reaching a person without virtues, they become faults.

    सुस्वादुतोयाः प्रभवन्ति नद्यः

    Rivers originate with tasty/sweet water.

    समुद्रमासाद्य भवन्त्यपेयाः॥ २॥

    (But) upon reaching the sea, they become undrinkable.

    लुब्धस्य नश्यति यशः पिशुनस्य मैत्री

    The fame of a greedy person is destroyed; the friendship of a backbiter/slanderer is destroyed.

    नष्टक्रियस्य कुलमर्थपरस्य धर्मः।

    The clan of one who has stopped performing duties, and the Dharma of one who is obsessed with money (is destroyed).

    विद्याफलं व्यसनिनः कृपणस्य सौख्यं

    The fruit of knowledge of a person with bad habits, and the happiness of a miser (is destroyed).

    राज्यं प्रमत्तसचिवस्य नराधिपस्य॥ ३॥

    The kingdom of a king who has a careless/arrogant minister is destroyed.

    उदये सविता रक्तो रक्तश्चास्तमये तथा।

    The sun is red at sunrise and similarly red at sunset.

    सम्पत्तौ च विपत्तौ च महतामेकरूपता॥ ४॥

    Great people maintain uniformity (consistency) in both prosperity and adversity.

    दुर्जनः परिहर्तव्यो विद्ययालङ्कृतोऽपि सन्।

    A wicked person should be avoided even if he is adorned with knowledge (educated).

    मणिना भूषितः सर्पः किमसौ न भयङ्करः॥ ५॥

    Is a snake adorned with a jewel not dangerous/terrifying? (It certainly is).

    चिन्तनीया हि विपदां आदावेव प्रतिक्रियाः।

    Solutions/Remedies for calamities should be thought of at the very beginning.

    न कूपखननं युक्तं प्रदीपते वह्निना गृहे॥ ६॥

    It is not appropriate to dig a well when the house is already on fire.

    3. Shloka Analysis


    Shloka 2

    गुणा गुणज्ञेषु गुणा भवन्ति...

    • Anvaya: गुणाः गुणज्ञेषु (एव) गुणाः भवन्ति, ते (गुणाः) निर्गुणं प्राप्य दोषाः भवन्ति। (यथा) नद्यः सुस्वादुतोयाः प्रभवन्ति, (परं) समुद्रम् आसाद्य अपेयाः भवन्ति।

    • English Meaning: Qualities remain positive only when appreciated by those who understand them. When they reach a person devoid of virtue, they turn into flaws. For example, rivers flow with sweet water, but once they merge with the salty ocean, their water becomes undrinkable.


    Shloka 3

    लुब्धस्य नश्यति यशः पिशुनस्य मैत्री...

    • Anvaya: लुब्धस्य यशः नश्यति, पिशुनस्य मैत्री (नश्यति), नष्टक्रियस्य कुलम् (नश्यति), अर्थपरस्य धर्मः (नश्यति), व्यसनिनः विद्याफलं (नश्यति), कृपणस्य सौख्यम् (नश्यति), प्रमत्तसचिवस्य नराधिपस्य राज्यं (नश्यति).

    • English Meaning: Greed destroys reputation. Backbiting destroys friendship. Lack of action destroys the family lineage. Greed for money destroys righteousness. Bad habits destroy the utility of education. Miserliness destroys happiness. A careless minister destroys a king's kingdom.


    4. Word Meanings (Kathin Shabdarth)

    1. वारिवाहाः (Varivahah) = Clouds (मेघाः)

    2. सस्यम् (Sasyam) = Crops / Grain (धान्यम्/फसल)

    3. विभूतयः (Vibhutayah) = Wealth / Assets (सम्पत्तयः)

    4. अपेयाः (Apeyah) = Undrinkable (पातुम् अयोग्याः)

    5. पिशुनस्य (Pishunasya) = Of a backbiter / Wicked person (खलस्य/चुगलखोर की)

    6. व्यसनिनः (Vyasaninah) = Of one with bad habits (दुर्व्यसने रत्तस्य)

    7. नराधिपस्य (Naradhipasya) = Of the King (राज्ञः)

    8. सविता (Savita) = The Sun (सूर्यः)

    9. परिहर्तव्यः (Parihartavyah) = Should be avoided (त्याज्यः)

    10. आदावेव (Aadaveva) = In the beginning itself (प्रारम्भे एव)


    5. Competency-Based Assessment

    A. Question Construction (Prashna Nirman)

    Sentence

    Question

    Explanation

    लुब्धस्य यशः नश्यति।

    कस्य यशः नश्यति?

    Used 'Kasya' (Whose) for masculine genitive singular.

    नद्यः सुस्वादुतोयाः भवन्ति।

    नद्यः कीदृश्यः भवन्ति?

    Used 'Kidrishyah' (What kind) for feminine plural.

    महान्तः सम्पत्तौ विपत्तौ च समानाः भवन्ति।

    के सम्पत्तौ विपत्तौ च समानाः भवन्ति?

    Used 'Ke' (Who) for masculine plural.

    सज्जनानां मैत्री दिनस्य परार्धछाया इव भवति।

    केषाम् मैत्री दिनस्य परार्धछाया इव भवति?

    Used 'Kesham' for masculine genitive plural.

    विद्याफलं व्यसनिनः नश्यति।

    विद्याफलं कस्य नश्यति?

    Used 'Kasya' for masculine genitive singular.


    B. Bhashik Karyam (Linguistic Work)

    1. Question: In "उदये सविता रक्तः", what is the Visheshan (Adjective)?

      • Answer: रक्तः (Raktah)

      • Explanation: 'Red' describes the noun 'Savita' (Sun).


    2. Question: In "नादन्ति सस्यं खलु वारिवाहाः", what is the Kriya Padam (Verb)?

      • Answer: अदन्ति (Adanti)

      • Explanation: It means 'eat' (Na + Adanti = Do not eat).


    3. Question: Write a synonym for "अग्निना" from the text (Shloka 6).

      • Answer: वह्निना (Vahnina)

      • Explanation: Both mean 'by fire'.


    4. Question: Write the antonym for "सज्जनः" from the text.

      • Answer: दुर्जनः (Durjanah)

      • Explanation: Mentioned in Shloka 5 ("Durjanah parihartavyo").


    6. Subjective Q&A (Pathit Avabodhanam)

    A. Ekpaden Uttarat (One Word Answers)

    • Q: व्यसनिनः किं नश्यति? (What is destroyed of a person with bad habits?)

      • Ans: विद्याफलम् (Fruit of knowledge/education).


    • Q: कस्य यशः नश्यति? (Whose fame is destroyed?)

      • Ans: लुब्धस्य (Of the greedy).


    • Q: नद्यः जलं कदा अपेयं भवति? (When does river water become undrinkable?)

      • Ans: समुद्रमासाद्य (After reaching the sea).


    • Q: महताम् एकरूपता कदा भवति? (When do great people maintain consistency?)

      • Ans: सम्पत्तौ विपत्तौ च (In prosperity and adversity).


    B. Purnavakyen Uttarat (Full Sentence Answers)

    • Q: केषां विभूतयः परोपकाराय भवन्ति? (Whose resources are for helping others?)

      • Ans: सतां विभूतयः परोपकाराय भवन्ति। (The resources of noble people are for helping others).


    • Q: कीदृशः दुर्जनः परिहर्तव्यः? (What kind of wicked person should be avoided?)

      • Ans: विद्यया अलङ्कृतः अपि सन् दुर्जनः परिहर्तव्यः। (A wicked person should be avoided even if he is educated/adorned with knowledge).


    • Q: प्रतिक्रियाः कदा चिन्तनीयाः? (When should remedies be thought of?)

      • Ans: विपदाम् आदावेव प्रतिक्रियाः चिन्तनीयाः। (Remedies should be thought of at the very beginning of the calamity).


    7. Integrated Grammar (Vyakaran)

    A. Sandhi (Joining/Splitting)

    1. नाम्भः = न + अम्भः (Dirgha Sandhi).

    2. इत्यपि = इति + अपि (Yan Sandhi).

    3. यद्येवम् = यदि + एवम् (Yan Sandhi).

    4. समुद्रमासाद्य = समुद्रम् + आसाद्य (Vyanjan Sandhi/Connection).

    5. भवन्त्यपेयाः = भवन्ति + अपेयाः (Yan Sandhi).

    6. चैव = च + एव (Vriddhi Sandhi).

    7. आदावेव = आदौ + एव (Ayadi Sandhi).


    B. Suffixes (Pratyaya)

    • आसाद्य = आ + सद् + ल्यप् (Having reached).

    • भूषितः = भूष् + क्त (Adorned).

    • हसितुम् = हस् + तुमुन् (To laugh).

    • पठित्वा = पठ् + क्त्वा (Having read).


    C. Samas (Compounds)

    1. परोपकाराय = परेषाम् उपकाराय (Shashti Tatpurusha) - For the help of others.

    2. कुलक्रमागतम् = कुलात् क्रमागतम् (Panchami Tatpurusha) - Coming hereditarily from the family.

    3. नराधिपस्य = नराणाम् अधिपः, तस्य (Shashti Tatpurusha) - Of the king.

    4. कूपखननम् = कूपस्य खननम् (Shashti Tatpurusha) - Digging of a well.



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