4 .द्वौ, द्वे, द्वे - The Two - Class 8 - Amod
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Updated: 24 hours ago
Bilingual Summary
English This lesson introduces the "Dual Number" (Dvivachanam) in Sanskrit, which is used when referring to exactly two objects or people.
Masculine (Pullingam): Uses pronouns Etau (These two) and Tau (Those two) with the verb ending -atah.
Feminine (Strilingam): Uses pronouns Ete (These two) and Te (Those two) with the verb ending -atah.
Neuter (Napumsakalingam): Uses pronouns Ete (These two) and Te (Those two) with the verb ending -atah.
The lesson concludes with a poem titled "Gayata Nandata" describing the beauty of the rainy season, mentioning clouds, waterfalls, frogs, and peacocks.
Marathi (मराठी) हा पाठ संस्कृतमधील 'द्विवचन' (दोन वस्तूंसाठी किंवा व्यक्तींसाठी वापरले जाणारे रूप) याची ओळख करून देतो.
पुल्लिंग: यामध्ये एतौ (हे दोघे) आणि तौ (ते दोघे) ही सर्वनामे असून क्रियापदाला -अतः हा प्रत्यय लागतो.
स्त्रीलिंग: यामध्ये एते (ह्या दोघी) आणि ते (त्या दोघी) ही सर्वनामे असून क्रियापदाला -अतः हा प्रत्यय लागतो.
नपुंसकलिंग: यामध्ये एते (ही दोन) आणि ते (ती दोन) ही सर्वनामे असून क्रियापदाला -अतः हा प्रत्यय लागतो.
पाठाच्या शेवटी 'गायत नन्दत' हे पावसाळ्याचे वर्णन करणारे गीत आहे, ज्यामध्ये ढग, धबधबे, बेडूक आणि मोर यांचे सुंदर वर्णन केले आहे.
Glossary (शब्दार्थ)
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English | Marathi (मराठी) |
द्वौ | Two (Masculine) | दोन (पुल्लिंगी) |
द्वे | Two (Fem/Neut) | दोन (स्त्री/नपुं) |
शुनकौ | Two dogs | दोन कुत्रे |
बालौ | Two boys | दोन मुले |
गायिके | Two female singers | दोन गायिका |
विद्यार्थिन्यौ | Two female students | दोन विद्यार्थिनी |
वाहने | Two vehicles | दोन वाहने |
पुष्पे | Two flowers | दोन फुले |
जलप्रपाताः | Waterfalls | धबधबे |
कूपमण्डूकाः | Frogs in the well | विहिरीतील बेडूक |
पर्णेषु | On leaves | पानांवर |
बिन्दवः | Drops | थेंब |
पक्ववट | Fried savory snack (Vada) | वडा |
मग्नाः | Engrossed / Busy | मग्न / दंग |
वर्षाकालः | Rainy Season | पावसाळा |
Sentence-by-Sentence Translation
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Translation | Marathi Translation (मराठी भाषांतर) |
४.१ एतौ / तौ | 4.1 These two (M) / Those two (M) | ४.१ हे दोघे / ते दोघे |
एतौ शुनकौ । | These are two dogs. | हे दोन कुत्रे आहेत. |
एतौ खादतः । | These two are eating. | हे दोघे खात आहेत. |
कौ खादतः ? | Who (two) are eating? | कोण (दोघे) खात आहेत? |
एतौ शुनकौ खादतः । | These two dogs are eating. | हे दोन कुत्रे खात आहेत. |
तौ बालौ । | Those are two boys. | ती दोन मुले आहेत. |
तौ खेलतः । | Those two are playing. | ती (दोघे) खेळत आहेत. |
कौ खेलतः ? | Who (two) are playing? | कोण (दोघे) खेळत आहेत? |
तौ बालौ खेलतः । | Those two boys are playing. | ती दोन मुले खेळत आहेत. |
४.२ एते / ते | 4.2 These two (F) / Those two (F) | ४.२ ह्या दोघी / त्या दोघी |
एते गायिके । | These are two female singers. | ह्या दोन गायिका आहेत. |
एते गायतः । | These two are singing. | ह्या दोघी गात आहेत. |
के गायतः ? | Who (two) are singing? | कोण (दोघी) गात आहेत? |
एते गायिके गायतः । | These two singers are singing. | ह्या दोन गायिका गात आहेत. |
ते विद्यार्थिन्यौ । | Those are two female students. | त्या दोन विद्यार्थिनी आहेत. |
ते पठतः । | Those two are reading/studying. | त्या (दोघी) वाचत आहेत. |
के पठतः ? | Who (two) are reading? | कोण (दोघी) वाचत आहेत? |
ते विद्यार्थिन्यौ पठतः । | Those two students are reading. | त्या दोन विद्यार्थिनी वाचत आहेत. |
४.३ एते / ते | 4.3 These two (N) / Those two (N) | ४.३ ही दोन / ती दोन |
एते वाहने । | These are two vehicles. | ही दोन वाहने आहेत. |
एते गच्छतः । | These two are going. | ही (दोन) जात आहेत. |
के गच्छतः ? | Which/What (two) are going? | कोणती (दोन) जात आहेत? |
एते वाहने गच्छतः । | These two vehicles are going. | ही दोन वाहने जात आहेत. |
ते पुष्पे । | Those are two flowers. | ती दोन फुले आहेत. |
ते विकसतः । | Those two are blooming. | ती (दोन) उमलत आहेत. |
के विकसतः ? | Which/What (two) are blooming? | कोणती (दोन) उमलत आहेत? |
ते पुष्पे विकसतः । | Those two flowers are blooming. | ती दोन फुले उमलत आहेत. |
गायत ! नन्दत ! (वर्षागीतम्) | Sing! Rejoice! (Rain Song) | गा ! आनंदी व्हा ! (पावसाचे गाणे) |
सर सर आयान्ति वर्षाधाराः | The rain showers come with a 'sara sara' sound. | पावसाच्या धारा 'सर सर' करत येतात. |
अत्र प्रसन्नाः सर्वे जीवाः । | Here, all living beings are happy. | येथे सर्व जीव आनंदी आहेत. |
वृक्षैः प्राप्तं नवजीवनम् | Trees have received new life. | झाडांना नवजीवन मिळाले आहे. |
नृत्यन्ति मोदेन बालाः सततम् ।।१।। | Children dance with joy continuously. | मुले आनंदाने सतत नाचत आहेत. |
धप् धप् पतन्ति जलप्रपाताः | Waterfalls fall with a 'dhap dhap' sound. | धबधबे 'धप धप' करत पडतात. |
ड्रॅव ड्रैव कुर्वन्ति कूपमण्डूकाः । | Frogs in the well make a 'drav drav' sound. | विहिरीतील बेडूक 'ड्रंव ड्रंव' करतात. |
टप् टप् गायन्ति पर्णेषु बिन्दवः | Drops on the leaves sing 'tap tap'. | पानांवरील थेंब 'टप टप' गातात. |
पक्ववटखादने मग्ना जनाः ।।२।। | People are engrossed in eating fried Vadas. | लोक वडा खाण्यात मग्न आहेत. |
Exercises (भाषाभ्यासः)
5.1. Complete the table (तालिकां पूरयत)
Instructions: Convert the singular sentences into dual forms.
Singular (एकवचनम्) | Dual (द्विवचनम्) |
छात्रः पठति । | छात्रौ पठतः । |
व्याघ्रः गर्जति । | व्याघ्रौ गर्जतः । |
गजः गच्छति । | गजौ गच्छतः । |
पुरुषः पश्यति । | पुरुषौ पश्यतः । |
मार्जारः पिबति । | मार्जारौ पिबतः । |
5.2. Match the following (मेलनं कुरुत)
Instructions: Match the singular noun/pronoun with its corresponding dual form.
Column A | Column B (Answer) |
गृहम् | गृहे |
तत् | ते |
पत्रम् | पत्रे |
पुस्तकम् | पुस्तके |
5.3. Draw Pictures (चित्राणि आलिखत)
Instructions: Draw pictures for the following sentences.
कमले विकसतः । (Two lotuses are blooming.)
नौके तरतः । (Two boats are floating.)
सिंहौ गर्जतः । (Two lions are roaring.)
मयूरौ नृत्यतः । (Two peacocks are dancing.)
मेघौ वर्षतः । (Two clouds are raining.)
फले पततः । (Two fruits are falling.)
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