8.5. कस्मै ? कस्यै ?- For Whom? - Class 8 - Amod
- 6 days ago
- 4 min read
Updated: 24 hours ago
Bilingual Summary
English
This lesson introduces the Dative Case (Fourth Case/Chaturthi Vibhakti) in Sanskrit. This case is used to indicate the recipient of an action (for whom something is done) or the purpose of an action. It is equivalent to 'to' or 'for' in English.
Masculine/Neuter nouns ending in 'a': The suffix is -aya (e.g., Balaka → Balakaya).
Feminine nouns ending in 'aa': The suffix is -yai (e.g., Shikshika → Shikshikayai).
Feminine nouns ending in 'ee': The suffix is -yai (e.g., Janani → Jananyai).
Special Usage: The word Namah (Salutation/Bow to) always governs the Dative case (e.g., Ganeshaya Namah).
Marathi (मराठी)
हा पाठ संस्कृतमधील चतुर्थी विभक्ती (संप्रदान कारक) ची ओळख करून देतो. ही विभक्ती ज्याला काही द्यायचे आहे (दान) किंवा ज्याच्यासाठी क्रिया केली जाते, त्यासाठी वापरली जाते (मराठीत 'ला', 'साठी', 'करिता').
अकारान्त पुल्लिंगी/नपुंसकलिंगी नामे: शब्दाच्या शेवटी '-आय' प्रत्यय लागतो (उदा. बालक → बालकाय).
आकारान्त स्त्रीलिंगी नामे: शब्दाच्या शेवटी '-यै' प्रत्यय लागतो (उदा. शिक्षिका → शिक्षिकायै).
ईकारान्त स्त्रीलिंगी नामे: शब्दाच्या शेवटी '-यै' प्रत्यय लागतो (उदा. जननी → जनन्यै).
विशेष नियम: 'नमः' (नमस्कार असो) या अव्ययासोबत नेहमी चतुर्थी विभक्ती वापरली जाते (उदा. गणेशाय नमः).
Glossary (शब्दार्थ)
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English | Marathi (मराठी) |
कस्मै | To/For whom? (M/N) | कोणाला / कोणासाठी? (पु/नपुं) |
कस्यै | To/For whom? (F) | कोणाला / कोणासाठी? (स्त्री) |
यच्छति | Gives | देतो/देते |
आपणिकाय | To the shopkeeper | दुकानदाराला |
पठनाय | For reading/studying | वाचण्यासाठी / अभ्यासासाठी |
शिक्षिकायै | To the teacher (female) | शिक्षिकेला |
आचार्याय | To the teacher (male) | आचार्याला / शिक्षकाला |
जनन्यै | To the mother | आईला |
किमर्थम् | For what purpose? / Why? | कशासाठी? |
भोजन | Food / Meal | जेवण |
उपाहारगृहम् | Restaurant / Canteen | उपहारगृह / हॉटेल |
भिक्षुक | Beggar | भिकारी |
मातामही | Maternal Grandmother | आजी (आईची आई) |
ग्रन्थालयम् | Library | ग्रंथालय |
व्यायामशाला | Gym / Gymnasium | व्यायामशाळा |
Sentence-by-Sentence Translation
8.5.1 Giving and Purpose (दानं तथा हेतुः)
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Translation | Marathi Translation (मराठी भाषांतर) |
कन्या आपणिकाय धनं यच्छति । | The girl gives money to the shopkeeper. | मुलगी दुकानदाराला पैसे देते. |
यूयं पठनाय विद्यालयं गच्छथ । | You all go to school for studying. | तुम्ही सर्व अभ्यासासाठी शाळेत जाता. |
छात्राः शिक्षिकायै पुष्पाणि यच्छन्ति । | Students give flowers to the teacher (female). | विद्यार्थी शिक्षिकेला फुले देतात. |
माता बालकाय मोदकं यच्छति । (Visual) | Mother gives a modak to the boy. | आई मुलाला मोदक देते. |
8.5.2 Salutations (नमः योगे चतुर्थी)
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Translation | Marathi Translation (मराठी भाषांतर) |
आचार्याय नमः । | Salutations to the teacher. | आचार्याला/शिक्षकाला नमस्कार असो. |
शिक्षिकायै नमः । | Salutations to the teacher (female). | शिक्षिकेला नमस्कार असो. |
जनन्यै नमः । | Salutations to the mother. | मातेला/आईला नमस्कार असो. |
Exercises (भाषाभ्यासः)
1. Complete the sentences (वाक्यानि पूरयत)
Instructions: Use the correct Dative form of the words in brackets.
(गणेशाय) नमः । (Salutations to Ganesha.)
(सरस्वत्यै) नमः । (Salutations to Saraswati.) - Note: Saraswati ends in 'ee', so it becomes Saraswatyai.
सः (बालाय) लड्डुकं यच्छति । (He gives a laddu to the child.)
ते (भोजनाय) उपाहारगृहं गच्छन्ति । (They go to the restaurant for food/eating.)
वयं (वृद्धायै) पुष्पाणि यच्छामः । (We give flowers to the old woman.) - Note: Vriddha ends in 'aa', so Vriddhayai.
त्वं (मित्राय) लेखनीं यच्छसि । (You give a pen to the friend.)
2. To whom does the woman give what? (महिला कस्मै किं यच्छति ?)
Instructions: Form sentences using the table provided.
महिला बालकाय मोदकं यच्छति । (The woman gives a modak to the boy.)
महिला बालिकायै कूपीं यच्छति । (The woman gives a bottle to the girl.)
महिला भिक्षुकाय वस्त्रं यच्छति । (The woman gives clothes to the beggar.)
महिला सेविकायै धनं यच्छति । (The woman gives money to the servant-maid.)
महिला मातामह्यै प्रातराशं यच्छति । (The woman gives breakfast to the grandmother.)
महिला आपणिकाय नाणकं यच्छति । (The woman gives a coin to the shopkeeper.)
3. Why does he go where? (किमर्थं कुत्र गच्छति ?)
Instructions: Form sentences using the table provided to show purpose.
बालकः पठनाय शालां गच्छति । (The boy goes to school for studying.)
बालकः वाचनाय ग्रन्थालयं गच्छति । (The boy goes to the library for reading.)
बालकः व्यायामाय व्यायामशालां गच्छति । (The boy goes to the gym for exercise.)
बालकः वस्तुक्रयणाय आप्णं गच्छति । (The boy goes to the shop for buying things.)
बालकः पूजनाय मन्दिरं गच्छति । (The boy goes to the temple for worship.)
बालकः खादनाय उपाहारगृहं गच्छति । (The boy goes to the restaurant for eating.)
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