8.3. सहायकाः - Helpers (Instrumental Case) - Class 8 - Amod
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Updated: 24 hours ago
Bilingual Summary
English This lesson introduces the Instrumental Case (Third Case/Tritiya Vibhakti) in Sanskrit, which indicates the instrument or means by which an action is performed (equivalent to 'by' or 'with' in English).
Masculine/Neuter nouns ending in 'a': The suffix is -ena (e.g., Haste → Hastena, Jala → Jalena).
Feminine nouns ending in 'aa': The suffix is -aya (e.g., Mapika → Mapikaya).
Feminine nouns ending in 'ee': The suffix is -ya (e.g., Nadi → Nadya). The lesson also covers the usage of indeclinables Saha (with) and Vina (without), which govern the instrumental case. The chapter concludes with a body parts diagram and an interactive game "Simon Says" (Vidushakah Vadati) to learn body parts.
Marathi (मराठी) हा पाठ संस्कृतमधील तृतीया विभक्ती (करण कारक) ची ओळख करून देतो. एखादी क्रिया ज्या साधनाने केली जाते, त्या साधनाला तृतीया विभक्ती लागते (मराठीत 'ने', 'शी').
अकारान्त पुल्लिंगी/नपुंसकलिंगी नामे: शब्दाच्या शेवटी '-एन' प्रत्यय लागतो (उदा. हस्त → हस्तेन, जल → जलेन).
आकारान्त स्त्रीलिंगी नामे: शब्दाच्या शेवटी '-या' प्रत्यय लागतो (उदा. मापिका → मापिकया).
ईकारान्त स्त्रीलिंगी नामे: शब्दाच्या शेवटी '-या' प्रत्यय लागतो (उदा. नदी → नद्या). या पाठात सह (सोबत) आणि विना (शिवाय) या अव्ययांचा वापर देखील शिकवला आहे, ज्यांच्यासोबत नेहमी तृतीया विभक्ती वापरली जाते. पाठाच्या शेवटी शरीराच्या अवयवांची ओळख आणि 'विदूषक म्हणतो' (Simon Says) हा खेळ दिला आहे.
Glossary (शब्दार्थ)
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English | Marathi (मराठी) |
सहायकाः | Helpers / Instruments | मदतनीस / साधने |
सुधाखण्डेन | With chalk piece | खडूने |
चरणेन | With foot | पायाने |
हस्तेन | With hand | हाताने |
चमसेन | With spoon | चमच्याने |
मुखेन | With mouth | तोंडाने |
दन्तकूर्चः | Toothbrush | टूथब्रश / दात घासण्याचा ब्रश |
मार्जकः | Eraser / Duster | खोडरबर / डस्टर |
वस्त्रेण | With cloth | कपड्याने |
व्यजनेन | With fan | पंख्याने |
मापिकया | With ruler/scale | पट्टीने |
छुरिकया | With knife | सुरीने |
वेल्लन्या | With rolling pin | लाटण्याने |
कूप्या | With bottle | बाटलीने |
सह | With | सोबत |
विना | Without | शिवाय / विना |
उपनेत्रेण | With spectacles | चष्म्याने |
पिण्डिः | Calf muscle | पोटरी |
कूर्परः | Elbow | कोपर |
मणिबन्धः | Wrist | मनगट |
चिबुकम् | Chin | हनुवटी |
Sentence-by-Sentence Translation
8.3.1 Masculine Instrumental (पुल्लिंगी तृतीया)
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Translation | Marathi Translation (मराठी भाषांतर) |
सः सुधाखण्डेन लिखति । | He writes with a piece of chalk. | तो खडूने लिहितो. |
अहं चरणेन ताडयामि । | I kick/hit with the foot. | मी पायाने मारतो (किक मारतो). |
अहं चमसेन खादामि । | I eat with a spoon. | मी चमच्याने खातो. |
सा हस्तेन वादयति । | She plays (instrument) with her hand. | ती हाताने वाजवते. |
8.3.2 Neuter Instrumental (नपुंसकलिंगी तृतीया)
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Translation | Marathi Translation (मराठी भाषांतर) |
सः यानेन गच्छति । | He goes by vehicle. | तो वाहनाने जातो. |
अहं मुखेन वदामि । | I speak with my mouth. | मी तोंडाने बोलतो. |
सा वस्त्रेण मार्जयति । | She wipes/cleans with a cloth. | ती कपड्याने पुसते/साफ करते. |
मर्कटः व्यजनेन वीजयति । | The monkey fans with a fan. | माकड पंख्याने वारा घालते. |
8.3.3 Feminine Instrumental (स्त्रीलिंगी तृतीया)
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Translation | Marathi Translation (मराठी भाषांतर) |
सा मापिकया आलिखति । | She draws lines with a ruler. | ती पट्टीने रेषा आखते. |
बालिका छुरिकया कर्तयति । | The girl cuts with a knife. | मुलगी सुरीने कापते. |
माता वेल्लन्या रोटिकाः करोति । | Mother makes rotis with a rolling pin. | आई लाटण्याने पोळ्या करते. |
बालकः कूप्या दुग्धं पिबति । | The boy drinks milk from/with a bottle. | मुलगा बाटलीने दूध पितो. |
8.3.4 Usage of 'Saha' (With) - 'सह' अव्यय
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Translation | Marathi Translation (मराठी भाषांतर) |
मन्दारः निनादेन सह खेलति । | Mandar plays with Ninad. | मंदार निनादसोबत खेळतो. |
शिक्षिका छात्रया सह श्लोकं पठति । | The teacher recites the shloka with the student. | शिक्षिका विद्यार्थिनीसोबत श्लोक वाचते. |
नीला मोहिन्या सह पुस्तकं पठति । | Neela reads the book with Mohini. | नीला मोहिनीसोबत पुस्तक वाचते. |
8.3.5 Usage of 'Vina' (Without) - 'विना' अव्यय
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Translation | Marathi Translation (मराठी भाषांतर) |
मत्स्याः जलेन विना न जीवन्ति । | Fish do not live without water. | मासे पाण्याशिवाय जगत नाहीत. |
बालकः लड्डुकेन विना किमपि न खादति । | The boy eats nothing without a laddu. | मुलगा लाडूशिवाय काहीही खात नाही. |
वृद्धः उपनेत्रेण विना न पठति । | The old man does not read without spectacles. | वृद्ध माणूस चष्म्याशिवाय वाचत नाही. |
Poem Translation (गायत ! नन्दत !)
Verse 1 Ram goes with Sita. Where does he go? To the Sarayu river. (राम सीतेसोबत जातो. तो कोठे जातो? शरयू नदीवर.)
Verse 2 Krishna goes with Radha. Where does he go? To the Yamuna river. (कृष्ण राधेसोबत जातो. तो कोठे जातो? यमुना नदीवर.)
Verse 3 Vitthal goes with Rukmini. Where does he go? To the Chandrabhaga river. (विठ्ठल रुक्मिणीसोबत जातो. तो कोठे जातो? चंद्रभागा नदीवर.)
Exercises (भाषाभ्यासः)
1. Complete the sentences (वाक्यानि पूरयत)
Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct instrumental form.
महिला द्रोण्या जलम् आनयति । (The woman brings water with a bucket.)
बालकः चमसेन खादति । (The boy eats with a spoon.)
सा हस्तेन रोटिकां खादति । (She eats roti with her hand.)
सः दण्डेन ताडयति । (He hits with a stick.)
सा जलेन मुखं प्रक्षालयति । (She washes her face with water.)
अहं कुञ्चिकया तालम् उद्घाटयामि । (I open the lock with a key.)
2. Body Parts Vocabulary (मम अङ्गानि)
ललाटम् - Forehead (कपाळ)
नयनम् - Eye (डोळा)
नासिका - Nose (नाक)
ओष्ठौ - Lips (ओठ)
चिबुकम् - Chin (हनुवटी)
कण्ठः - Throat/Neck (गळा)
स्कन्धः - Shoulder (खांदा)
वक्षः - Chest (छाती)
हस्तः - Hand (हात)
कूर्परः - Elbow (कोपर)
मणिबन्धः - Wrist (मनगट)
उदरम् - Stomach (पोट)
जानु - Knee (गुडघा)
पादः - Foot (पाऊल)
पिण्डिः - Calf (पोटरी)
पाणिः - Palm/Hand (तळहात/हात)
अङ्कः - Lap (मांडी)
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