8.4. किम् ? किम् ?- What? What? - Class 8 - Amod
- 6 days ago
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Updated: 24 hours ago
Bilingual Summary
English This lesson introduces the Accusative Case (Second Case/Dvitiya Vibhakti) in Sanskrit. This grammatical case is used to mark the Direct Object of a sentence (the receiver of the action).
Section 8.4.1: Focuses on actions involving objects. It answers the question "What is the subject doing?". For example, "The boy reads a book" (Balakah pustakam pathati).
Section 8.4.2: Focuses on movement. In Sanskrit, the destination one goes to is treated as an object and takes the Accusative Case. For example, "The boy goes to school" (Balakah vidyalayam gacchati).
Marathi (मराठी) हा पाठ संस्कृतमधील द्वितीया विभक्ती (कर्म कारक) ची ओळख करून देतो. वाक्यातील कर्माला (Direct Object) द्वितीया विभक्ती लागते.
विभाग ८.४.१: यामध्ये कर्ता काय करत आहे यावर लक्ष केंद्रित केले आहे. (उदा. मुलगा पुस्तक वाचतो - बालकः पुस्तकं पठति).
विभाग ८.४.२: यामध्ये जाण्याच्या क्रियेवर लक्ष केंद्रित केले आहे. संस्कृतमध्ये, ज्या ठिकाणी जायचे आहे (गंतव्य स्थान), त्याला कर्म मानले जाते आणि तिथे द्वितीया विभक्ती वापरली जाते. (उदा. मुलगा शाळेत जातो - बालकः विद्यालयं गच्छति).
Glossary (शब्दार्थ)
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English | Marathi (मराठी) |
किम् | What? | काय? |
धरति | Holds | धरतो/पकडतो |
क्षिपति | Throws | फेकतो |
नयति | Takes / Carries / Leads | नेतो |
कदलीफलम् | Banana | केळे |
मरीचिका | Chili | मिरची |
स्वीकरोति | Accepts / Takes | स्वीकारतो / घेतो |
श्लोकः | Verse / Shloka | श्लोक |
विद्यालयः | School | शाळा / विद्यालय |
वित्तकोषः | Bank | बँक |
वाटिका | Garden (Small) | बाग / वाटीका |
पञ्चवटी | Panchavati (Place name) | पंचवटी |
पाकगृहम् | Kitchen | स्वयंपाकघर |
देवालयम् | Temple | देऊळ / मंदिर |
Sentence-by-Sentence Translation
8.4.1 Picture Description (चित्रवर्णनं पठत)
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Translation | Marathi Translation (मराठी भाषांतर) |
१) बालकः किं पठति ? | What is the boy reading? | मुलगा काय वाचत आहे? |
बालकः पुस्तकं पठति । | The boy is reading a book. | मुलगा पुस्तक वाचत आहे. |
२) वृद्धः किं धरति ? | What is the old man holding? | वृद्ध माणूस काय धरत आहे? |
वृद्धः छत्रं धरति । | The old man is holding an umbrella. | वृद्ध माणूस छत्री धरत आहे. |
३) शुनकः किं खादति ? | What is the dog eating? | कुत्रा काय खात आहे? |
शुनकः रोटिकां खादति । | The dog is eating bread/roti. | कुत्रा पोळी/भाकरी खात आहे. |
४) बालिका किं क्षिपति ? | What is the girl throwing? | मुलगी काय फेकत आहे? |
बालिका कन्दुकं क्षिपति । | The girl is throwing a ball. | मुलगी चेंडू फेकत आहे. |
५) महिला किं नयति ? | What is the woman carrying? | महिला काय नेत आहे? |
महिला द्रोणीं नयति । | The woman is carrying a bucket. | महिला बादली नेत आहे. |
६) वृद्धा किं पश्यति ? | What is the old woman looking at? | वृद्ध महिला काय पाहत आहे? |
वृद्धा बालिकां पश्यति । | The old woman is looking at the girl. | वृद्ध महिला मुलीकडे पाहत आहे. |
8.4.2 Where is the boy going? (बालकः कुत्र गच्छति ?)
Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Translation | Marathi Translation (मराठी भाषांतर) |
बालकः विद्यालयं गच्छति । | The boy goes to school. | मुलगा शाळेत जातो. |
बालकः वाटिकां गच्छति । | The boy goes to the garden. | मुलगा बागेत जातो. |
Exercises (भाषाभ्यासः)
5.1. Replace 'Kim' with the answer ( 'किम्' शब्दस्य स्थाने उत्तरं योजयत)
Instructions: Use the word in the bracket to answer the question. (Accusative Case)
मर्कटः कदलीफलं खादति । (The monkey eats a banana.)
गजः जलं क्षिपति । (The elephant throws water.)
शुकः मरीचिकां खादति । (The parrot eats a chili.)
बालकः लड्डुकं स्वीकरोति । (The boy accepts a laddu/sweet.)
छात्रा श्लोकं वदति । (The student speaks/recites a shloka.)
पुरुषः नदीं पश्यति । (The man looks at the river.)
5.2. Diagram/Flowchart Answers (जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत)
बालकः कुत्र गच्छति ? (Where does the boy go?)
Based on the central diagram in the PDF, here are the sentences formed:
बालकः विद्यालयं गच्छति । (He goes to school.)
बालकः पाठशालां गच्छति । (He goes to school/pathshala.)
बालकः वाटिकां गच्छति । (He goes to the garden.)
बालकः पञ्चवटीं गच्छति । (He goes to Panchavati.)
बालकः नदीं गच्छति । (He goes to the river.)
बालकः उद्यानम् गच्छति । (He goes to the park.)
बालकः गृहम् गच्छति । (He goes home.)
बालकः वित्तकोषं गच्छति । (He goes to the bank.)
5.3. Make Sentences (वाक्यानि कुरुत)
Instructions: Connect the subject with the destination using the verb 'Gacchati'.
Subject (कर्ता) | Destination (कर्म) | Verb (क्रियापद) | Sentence (वाक्य) |
रामः | सरयूनदी | गच्छति | रामः सरयूनदीं गच्छति । |
विठ्ठलः | चन्द्रभागा | गच्छति | विठ्ठलः चन्द्रभागां गच्छति । |
छात्रः | विद्यालय | गच्छति | छात्रः विद्यालयं गच्छति । |
माता | पाकगृह | गच्छति | माता पाकगृहं गच्छति । |
वृद्धा | देवालय | गच्छति | वृद्धा देवालयं गच्छति । |
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